a comparison of art in the age essays

a comparison of art in the age essays The Middle Ages, the Early Renaissance, and the High Renaissance are only three ages individually but as a whole helped shape our modern philosophies and ideas of art and influenced generations of artists among them, Leonardo Da Vinci, Giovanni Bellini, and Giotto. Among there many works of art there stand out to me these three. Vitruvian Man 1492(Leonardo Da Vinci), Feast of the Gods (Giovanni Bellini), and Christus Rex (Giotto). The Late Gothic is the bridge between the Middle Age and the Renaissance. The Crusades and trade that followed from them brought an influx of Byzantine art and artists to western Europeans. This influence appears strongly in the emotionalism of a large wooden crucifixes and icons. Although they are still Byzantine in style, they were becoming more 'Western' in treatment. Through these connections many literary works of classical antiquity were brought to the West. The new age began in the 14th century, where lawyers and notaries imitated ancient Latin style and studied Roman archaeology. The novel unification of the characteristic style in art in Europe also took place at the end of the fourteenth century. The new hegemony was the consequence of a multifarious exchange of various artistic ideas and had lasted for several decades. It is difficult to point out the place and the time where the style came into being. That style was named the International Gothic. The most significant artists of the period are Cimabue and Giotto. Giotto was trained in the Byzantine tradition. The art characterize rediscovery of the third dimension, of real and measurable space and architectural vocabulary based on the study of Classical structures. Giotto has become the symbol of a profound renewal in the history of Western figurative arts, and of the first radical renewal since ancient Greece. "He converted the art of painting from Greek to Latin and brought in the modern era" - this is Cennino Cennini'...

Hiring and Development Plan essay part 2

Hiring and Development Plan essay part 2 Hiring and Development Plan essay part 2 Hiring and Development Plan essay part 2  Hiring and Development Plan essay part  1Conducting a preliminary interview with candidatesAfter screening the candidates’ resumes and applications, I will conduct a preliminary interview with the candidates for the required job position in order to select and hire a candidate who meets the needs of our company. I know that a preliminary interview can help to identify some misfits that have not been mentioned in the application forms or resumes (Aswathappa, 2005; Byars, 2010).Selection testsSelection tests are used to find out more important information about the candidates for the open position. Those candidates who pass a screening procedure and a preliminary interview should be called for selection tests. As a Human Relations Manager for the company, I will use selection tests to â€Å"determine the applicant’s ability, aptitude and personality† (Aswathappa, 2005, p. 160). There are several types of selection tests , including ability tests, aptitude tests, personality tests, interest tests, graphology tests, polygraph tests and other types of selection tests. I will use personality tests, which help to measure and evaluate the candidate’s motivation to perform his/her duties in a proper way and ability tests, which help to determine the ability of a candidate to perform the required tasks. Some of the issues that will be discussed in the selection tests for the candidates include occupational interests, personality factors, technical and non-technical skills, temperamental adaptability, etc.Creating a Development PlanIt is known that an employee development plan provides the so-called â€Å"roadmap† to improvement of current job performance and increases the chances for career advancement. Employee development plans can be viewed as a combination of the key items the employee should be ready to improve upon, and the items the company is focused upon (Byars, 2010).   Actually, a development plan is focused on the areas, which require improvement in the employees’ performance.As a Human Relations Manager, I am responsible for the development of an effective individual development plan. This plan helps to identify the best candidates for career advancement and enhanced developmental opportunities. I realize that employees are motivated to perform their duties and tasks, providing the highest levels of job performance, if they evaluate the positive recognition coming from their managers and colleagues (Byars, 2010).   I will be focused on development planning to meet the needs of our company and ensure that all employees are adapted to the technician and non-technical needs of the company. I realize that flexibility and integration can help to increase employee productivity, improve the company’s efficiency and develop the company’s knowledge and employee awareness of the total commitment to achieve the established goals (Aswathappa, 2 005; Byars, 2010).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An effective employee development plan shows the key processes, procedures and methods of identifying the needs of employees and their skill gaps. A well-developed employee development plan helps to improve job efficiency and effectiveness (Aswathappa, 2005; Byars, 2010).Employee Development PlanThe key development objectivesIn this section, it is very important to formulate the major development objectives through a comprehensive assessment of the key needs and capabilities of the company. It is necessary to assess the current status of the company, e.g. how the company operates on the competitive market, what the company does better than other companies, and asses the abilities of the employee to perform these tasks in a proper way. This analysis can help to identify the criteria against which the effectiveness and efficiency of the employee development program can be evaluated.The basic information about an employee:T he employee nameThe employee positionThe employee departmentThe employee skills’ assessmentThe employee skillsIn this section of the plan, it is very important to identify the employee skills and knowledge, including handling technical challenge skillfully, lack of creativity and originality in presenting new ideas, demonstrating the high degree of intellectual effectiveness, poor ability in solving conflicts, poor communication skills, etc.The employee skills ratingIn this section, it is necessary to determine the employee’s computer skills and people management skills.The employee development aspirationsIn this section, it is necessary to describe the required knowledge and skills, stating in detail what skills the employee should develop. As a Human Relations Manager, I will be focused on communication skills, leadership skills and technical skills.The detailed action planThe detailed development programIn this section of the development plan, it is very important t o determine the appropriate development program aimed at enhancing the employee’s skills and abilities. There are several types of employee development programs, including various training courses, mentoring, etc.As a Human Relations Manager for the company, I will use special development programs aimed at encouraging the employee’s growth and career development; improving the employee’s skills, abilities and knowledge that can be effectively and immediately applied to the required tasks; increasing the employee’s motivation and job satisfaction; creating an effective network of co-employees for problem-solving, decision-making and support;   and promoting   communication practices and planning throughout the company’s department networks.The improvement planIn this section, it is necessary to identify the areas of employee deficiency, as well as the areas of the company’s focus. This improvement plan should become a roadmap for the empl oyee on how the methods used to advance the employee to a better position. It is very important to identify the actions the employee should take to improve, including the training programs provided by the company.The development courseIn this section, it would be better to identify the methods used for the employee development. As a Human Relations Manager, I will use the following training and development methods: on the job methods, simulations, lectures, conferences and seminars, as well as role-playing.Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, it is necessary to conclude that Human Relations Managers should be equipped with an effective hiring plan, which can guarantee the higher percentage of selecting and hiring top employees for the required job positions. Employee development plan helps to empower employees to perform their duties in a proper way and take responsibility for their personal and professional growth. An employee development plan can be viewed as an effective document created by Human Relations Managers to outline the employee’s objectives, activities, achievements, resources and targets regarding his/her development at the professional and individual levels. As a Human Relations Manager for the company, I have developed an effective employee development plan to meet the company’s needs and achieve the established goals. I have used various methods to model the behavior of the employee I encouraged. I discussed and created an effective employee development plan, which corresponds to the performance planning cycle adopted by the company. I have endorsed the employee to attend lectures, classes and other activities aimed at supporting the established development goals. In addition, I have discussed the key employee development aspirations that can be used to support the employee’s new ideas and methods. Moreover, I believe that it is necessary to provide a comprehensive behavioral feedback on the employ ee performance and discuss the most appropriate ways to improve and develop employee performance in the nearest future. Thus, the employee development plan discussed in this paper provides massive opportunities for the employees to develop the required skills, abilities and attitudes through effective mentoring, cross-training sessions, training courses, skill assessment programs and other methods and approaches.

Rapid Sequence Induction and Intubation. Incidence Reflection Essay

Rapid Sequence Induction and Intubation. Incidence Reflection - Essay Example In this reflection I have ensured that I maintain confidentiality in line with the Health Professional Council code of Conduct that demands the observance of the same, under code number two that states â€Å"You must respect the confidentiality of service users.† It informs me that I must treat information about service users as confidential and that I must not release any personal or confidential information to anyone not entitled to it (HPC, 2008, pp. 8-9). Therefore all names of the people involved in the process are treated as anonymous and I will different letters to refer to each one of them. I decided to choose this area for my reflection basing on a few reasons. First is that as a student ODP doing my clinical placement, it was my first time to come across such a major incident and therefore it made me curious. Secondly is that, I realized that this procedure is applied to all EG operations, making it commonly used. As a student on placement I realize the need to familiarize myself with the incident and procedures of operation as it is a common phenomenon in our daily lives. The last point is that, I engaged myself in massive research on this topic thereby developing skills and knowledge in this particular area. Rapid Sequence Induction Intubation (RSII) Rapid Sequence Induction and Intubation (RSII) is a medical procedure involving the fast induction of general anaesthesia and following intubation of the trachea. It is generally used in an emergency (EG) situation or for patients who have an increased risk of aspirating gastric contents into lungs (EL-Orbany & Connolly, 2010). The main objective of this technique is to minimise the interval time between loss of protective airway reflexes and tracheal intubation with a cuffed endotracheal tube (ETT). If the intubation is not attained within a maximum 2 minutes, the patient could suffer extreme morbidity or even death from hypoxia (lack of oxygen in body tissue). Therefore airway management is the most important skill for an emergency practitioner. Failure to secure an adequate airway can cause disability (EL-Orbany & Connolly, 2010). The decision to intubate the patient is sometimes very difficult to reach. The difficulty emanates because t he situation requires high clinical experience so as to recognise the signs of an imminent respiratory failure. The concept of RSI was gradually evolved after introduction of Suxamethonium chloride/succinylcholine (paralytic drug) in 1951, and the description of cricoid pressure (CP) in 1961 (EL-Orbany & Connolly, 2010). The procedure include; oxygen administration, rapid injection of a predetermined dose of thiopental/barbiturate (group of drugs), immediately followed by succinylcholine, application of CP and tracheal intubation. It seemed from these components that the term; RSI which is used in both anaesthesia literature and emergency medicine are both inadequate. Because, the technique includes both anaesthesia induction and tracheal intubation, therefore the term RSII is more accurate and descriptive of the technique (EL-Orbany & Connolly, 2010, pp. 18-25) Reflective models My essay will employ the Rolfe et al. (2001) model of reflection to reflect on what I learnt and the exp eriences I went through. Reflective practice is an approach to learning and practice development that is patient centred and which acknowledges the untidiness and confusion of the practice environment

Same sex marriage (Argumentative essay) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Same sex marriage (Argumentative ) - Essay Example This understanding has led to the initiation of many controversies and debates. The issue of same sex marriage accounts for one such matter which has sparked many arguments with regard to its legality. The issue surfaced during the last half of the twentieth century when same sex couples demanded the recognition of their relationship. The same sex couples argue and insist on the legality and provision of permission for same sex marriage. On the other hand, this stand is opposed by many religious, social and ethical groups who argue that same sex marriages are against the law of nature and legality of these marriages will destruct the normal structure of the society. These disagreements and debates have led to the questioning with regard to the fact that whether same sex marriages should be allowed or should they be marked as being illegal. The number of homosexuals in the United States has been increasing and this was clearly concluded with the assistance of the statistics provided by surveys conducted by the William’s Institute. It was highlighted that the number of same sex couples increased from 594,391 to 776,943 from the year 2001 to 2005 (Romero et al 2007). Owing to these increases in the number of homosexuals in the country, there have been many legal fights which have been carried out by these groups. Following the year 1990, many uprisings and legal proceedings were initiated by gays for the provision of legality for their marriages. The first major case was held in the Supreme Court of Hawaii in 1993 which invalidated the decision of a lower court from permitting three homosexual couples from marrying. This legal hearing was followed by other proceedings in the State of Alaska in 1998 and Vermont in 1999. A definitive breakthrough for the same sex couples was achieved in the year 2000 when their marr iages were legally allowed in the state of Vermont. Therefore, Vermont became the first State in the

John K.Kennedy`s commitment to peace and disarmament before and during Essay

John K.Kennedy`s commitment to peace and disarmament before and during his presidency - Essay Example He was a committed person as then he was a senator and was addressing an audience where President Johnson was one of them. His dream of peaceful world was a forfeited one. In the address J.F Kennedy said people thought peace was impossible to achievable, it was unreal, but he said was dangerous and defeatist belief which leads to a conclusion that war is inevitable that mankind is doomed and that they are gripped by forces which we cannot control. He said this kind of view needed not to accept. J.F.Kennedy encouraged focus on more practical and attainable peace based on a sudden revolution in human nature but on a gradual evolution in human institutions on series of concrete actions and effective agreements which are in the interests of all concerned. He said that United States and its allies, and the Soviet and its allies had a mutually deep interest in a just and genuine peace and in halting the arms race. Agreements that the end was in the interest of the Soviet Union was well as the United States and even the most hostile nations could be relied upon to accept and keep those treaty obligation, which were in their interest. He encouraged perseverance in the search for peace in the hope that constructive changes within the communist bloc might bring within reach solutions which seemed beyond. He said United States to conduct its affairs in such a way that it became in the communist interest to agree on a genuine peace. Above all, while defending its own vital interests, nuclear power should avert the confrontations which could bring an adversary to a choice of either a humiliating retreat or nuclear war. To adopt the kind of course in... It is clear from the above that John F.Kennedy `s fight for a world free of arms and peaceful is well evident. He had put his life on the line just because of his desire to have A world free of arms. His fight for America out of Vietnam can be sighted as one of the reasons that his enemies had no option other than to have him assassinated. His speeches had always indicated clearly his desire and purpose for his political ambitions.He died having partially fulfilled his dream but it lives with and it needs attention. He was the youngest American president ever and a born twentieth century but his legacy lives on. His outstanding charisma and resolve of what he thought made the most coveted president in the United States ever ruled. He was a challenge and his enemies had no option left than having him assassinated.

Retail Management On Hardware Store Information Technology Essay

Retail Management On Hardware Store Information Technology Essay My term paper is to open up the retail store of the HARDWARE GOODS. The name of my store is COMPLETE HOME. This store to be contains the number of variety and assortment of the hardware goods. My retail store COMPLETE HOME to be contain the Binding wire, Paint, Putty, Cement, Wood Varnish, Door Handle, Lock, Fevicol, Polish, Primer, Needle, Ply wood, Screw, Nut Bolt etc In general description I can choose the type of store which open in the market and also made mission goals and objectives of the retail stores. Hardware stores, sell household hardware including: fasteners, hand tools, power tools, keys, locks, hinges, chains, plumbing supplies, electrical supplies, cleaning products, house wares, tools, paint, and lawn and garden products directly to consumers for use at home or for business. Home Hardware consists of four separate banners, offering goods such as the following: Home Hardware house wares, tools, paint, garden supplies Home Building Centre lumber, plumbing and electrical supplies, building materials Home Hardware Building Centre full range of Home Hardware and Home Building Centre items Home Furniture furniture and major appliances Business Mission The mission of Complete Homes Hardware is to offer quality  hardware products in a customer-friendly shopping environment. Our customers will get assistance quickly and will leave the store prepared to get the job done right the first time. Complete homes Hardware will also focus on anticipating the seasonal needs of its customers and providing the best products at competitive prices.   Most importantly, Complete homes Hardware will make the additional 15 minute drive to a mega-hardware store, too far to go and too expensive to entertain. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS Market -In Indian retail sector rapid growth in sales from Hardware stores. Sales from Hardware stores are set to expand at growth rates ranging from 37% to 57% during year 2003-2008. Customer- This customer group can have the most frustrating experience in the hardware stores. If they cant make the scheduled demos or trainings, they are left to sort thing out with whoever they can flag down in the store help them. Complete homes Hardware will be set-up to provide resources and assistance as soon as they walk into the store. Technology- Today more technology used in the hardware stores. There are some obvious area and some hidden areas where cost can be pruned and the benefit of this lower cost of retailing can be passed on to the customer as lower prices, which in turned should fuel demand. Competitors- At present time in India market there is more competitor who give competition to each other. Keys to Success Location:   Complete Homes Hardware is located in  Chunchura town near Edwardian Clock Tower.   The foot traffic in the tower is very strong.   The towers primary tenants are the areas successful supermarket, drug store, and appliance store.   Edwardian Clock Tower has easy access points on both of the areas major cross streets and is the biggest shopping center in  tower residential area. The closest hardware store to the clock tower area is a 45 minute drive. Seasonal Products: Each season has it own unique demand on a homeowner.   Complete homes Hardware will focus on this pattern and bring in local customers by marketing these items at competitive prices. Repair/Project Resource Area: The first section customers will find when they enter is a repair/project resource area that they can use to  plan repairs or projects.   There will be a repair/project resource person to answer questions and direct them to the  section of store where the needed products are.   In-Store Expertise: Store employees will be knowledgeable in home repairs/projects.   In addition, the repair/project resource area will be used to conduct short trainings and demonstrations in home repair and home projects. Products And Services of Complete Home Hardware Stores Complete homes Hardware offers the parts, material, and advice to tackle any home repair, as well as lawn care.  The primary focus will be to satisfy the seasonal needs of the areas customers. Fall/Winter: Weatherization projects. Spring: Garden/lawn projects/home improvement projects. Summer: Outdoor building projects. Complete homes Hardware will offer traditional retail hardware.   These products include electrical supplies, automotive, hardware, house wares, lawn and garden, building supplies, paint, plumbing, tools and rental.   There are other small services that will be offered including key cutting, glass cutting, and other small repairs.   C.H Hardware will work with Building Blocks to develop the right product mix.   The initial order of inventory will take into account the fact that this is an urban store and the product mix may contain different items than a suburban store.   Complete homes Hardware will stock traditional retail hardware items.   The product mix will be changed slightly from suburban stores.   Complete Homes Hardware will open the Tool Room Rentals store within the hardware store.   This is a program that will help cash flow as well as increase sales of rental accessories and support items.   Future Products and Services Complete Homes Hardware will listen to its customers to understand what other needs are not being met.   Those needs could include additional store locations in the future and an expansion of products and services offered at the current location.   There may be other businesses that can be offshoots of retail hardware that help service or provide convenience to C.H customers CREDIT SERVICE- We give services to the our customer in which one of the services is to be credit service means a customer can purchase product without pay cash but he/she will pay after some period of time. And this facility depends on the price of the product. DISCOUNTS discounts was also important factor for our store. Because many people want to good quality goods in low price so we also give discount on the product which helps to us in growing. Marketing Plan Now I open my Hardware store in Chunchura town because oldest cultural hubs of west Bengal so I can do survey to check the demand of my Hardware store in that area and we also need to check preference of consumer. Focus on Target Markets The goal is to have our customer base become  reliant on Complete home to  stock items and have solutions  for their needs.   The customers will soon understand the value of the relationship.   Each of the  market segments will have sales initiatives to focus on each group. Complete homes Hardware  cant just market and sell products and services; we must actually deliver as well.   We need to make sure we have the knowledge-intensive business and service-intensive business we claim to have.   This service has to be consistent and deliver what the customer is looking for. Complete homes Hardware will also place ads in the News paper.   The news continues to be a source of a good number of customers. TV9 kannda local  morning TV show goes on location to promote local businesses.   Radio can be used in many different ways,  radio remotes for the opening of the store.   Monthly west Magazine has already identified an issue, a follow up story is very appropriate.   The Monthly west covers new and significant businesses in west Bengal; Complete home feels this store will fit that description. Sales Strategy Complete homes Hardware  will be offering a  convenient solution which  all Chunchura residents need.   Customers will be introduced to C.H through targeted advertising, direct mail,  signage, and word of mouth.   C.H will also take advantage of all the Building Blocks programs that help create loyalty and awareness among the potential customers in the market.    The focus will be on property managers and all Chunchura town businesses to create an awareness of the store location and the fact that the store is a potential solution for retail hardware needs. The sale strategy of Complete homes Hardware is simple. First, create a shopping environment that will create confidence in the customer that he or she will get the needed material, part, or instructions to get the job done right the first time. Second, make the store easy to navigate, so customer can get in and out as quickly as possible. Third, know your customers seasonal hardware needs and offer it at competitive prices . Sales Forecast The goal of Complete homes Hardware will be to develop programs that take as much slack out of the sales as possible and get them in line with the rest of the sales year.   There is a 25% growth predicted for the second year of sales driven by awareness, growth in rentals and growth in commercial sales.   The immediate goal is to achieve  robust sales in the first year.   It is thought that double digit percentage total sales increases  can be achieved and maintained throughout the  five years of this  business plan. Sales Programs Building Blocks has loyalty programs like Building Blocks Rewards that Complete homes Hardware  will participate in.   This program has been developed to build a loyal following of customers that use the card for shopping benefits.   This program will allow these customers to shop  and  make it easy for them to pay for items on account Competitive Edge Location is the biggest key to this business.   There are no true competitors in our business in Chunchura town.   Our future customers have had to work harder to get the same or lesser service less conveniently.   We will be in their back yard and be easy to work with and have products they need.   Complete homes Hardware have staff that understand customer service and how to treat customers so that they want to shop in the Complete homes Hardware environment. Operational Plan Management Summary Gurpreet singh is a excellent staff supervisor and will do very well in managing the staff of Complete homes Hardware. Personnel Plan Complete homes Hardware will have the following staff members: Manager. Assistant Manager. Office Manager/Accountant. Checkers (full time and part time). Two Customer Assistants. Stockers (full time and part time). LAYOUT For opening the hardware store (COMPLETE HOME) for the effective and efficient layout must be based on the following consideration:- Selecting a layout while allows for complete presentation of the merchandise to the customer. A good layout encourages customer to move around the complete store and at times, make an unplanned purchase. Keeping this objective in mind, we have different entry and exit points for the store. We also striking the right balance between space used for displays and services areas so that the returns on the investment is maximized. We also designing the store needs of women, the elderly and disabled person who may visit the store, need to be taken into account and provided for. In our Hardware store also has to be designed keeping in mind the merchandise that we sell in the store and it also target audience. LOCATION So location of my department store in Chunchura town because oldest cultural hubs of west Bengal . Location of retail store is important aspect as customer point of view because location is the critical factor in consumer selection of store and whenever we opened a retail store than we have assumed the different factor which showed our retail store features like as: Demographic features(to know about the potential customer in that area, metropolitan statistical area) Competition(to know about the competitors and how they far from my retail store) Strategic fit(to must know about the life style of potential customer) Operating cost(different area have different cost) No. of small shops in that area Economy of scale MULTI CHANNEL DECISIONS COMPLETE HOME use the multi channel, These channel were used for selling the Hardware good. My Hardware retail use all three channels to interact with its customers. These are following STORE CHANNEL It is provide the browsing to the customers before purchasing of products It is also provided touching and feeling products opportunity to the customer Store channel to given advantage for the customer to get the product immediately after they buy it. INTERNET CHANNEL Our hardware retail provides the information to customer about which the hardware good are available in our retail store. These Internet channels also contain the all information about hardware good price. The benefit of Internet channel as compared with the other two channels is the vast number of consumers to purchase the product easily. RETAIL FORMAT In which I have included the different strategies which lead our business and used different competitive promotional planned which make our retail store attractive and effective. And these should be done according to these points; Nature of merchandise and services offered Pricing policy Advertising and promotion programs Store design and visual merchandising Customer services FINIANCIAL PLAN FOR OUR HARDWARE STORE In this project a huge funds is needed for the Building hardware store so then we can project that how much amount will be need, so it organized into six sections; 1) Cost of project-First step is to be estimate the cost of project and represents the total of all items of outlay associated with a project which are supported by long term funds. It is the sum of the outlays on the following: Land and Site development Buildings and civil works Miscellaneous fixed assets Pre-operative expenses 2) Means of Finance-after estimate cost of project the following means of finance are available: Share capital- there are two types of share capital A) Equity capital-represents the contribution made by the owners of the business B) Preference capital- represents the contribution made by preference shareholder Term Loans-In this project a huge funds is needed for the hardware store so in this way I take a secure loan from bank for this hardware store I secure my own property now which present market value is 3cr it is sufficient for the bank security to give me loan for my project. Miscellaneous source- A small portion of project finance also from miscellaneous source like unsecured loans, public deposits, and leasing and hire purchase finance. 3) Cost of production-The cost of production may also worked out. The major components of production are: Material cost Utilities cost Labour cost Factory overhead cost Profitability projections-The project profitability is good as I choose a profitable location in the heart of the city. My target is that to earn good profits in year. For this goal I really to do work hard and do many things like publicityadvertisent in this way people know about the new hardware store is open in the city. And also projected the profit and loss for the four years. Personnel Plan Year 1 Year 2 Manager 36,000 40,000 Assistant Manager 36,000 39,000 Office Manager/Bookkeeper 36,000 39,000 Checkers 32,400 35,500 Customer Assistants 60,000 68,000 Stockers 39,600 44,000 Other 0 0 Total People 9 9 Total Payroll 240,000 265,500 5) Projected cash flow statements- Then after project profit we also shows the movement of cash into and out of the firm and its net impact on the cash balance. So with this better financial planning, project evaluation and fund control. We also projected the cash flow statement Cash Received (RS IN LACS) Cash from Operations Cash Sales 964,000 Subtotal Cash from Operations 964,000 Additional Cash Received Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received 0 New Current Borrowing 0 New Other Liabilities (interest-free) 0 New Long-term Liabilities 0 Sales of Other Current Assets 0 Sales of Long-term Assets 0 New Investment Received 0 Subtotal Cash Received 964,000 Expenditures Year 1 Expenditures from Operations Cash Spending 240,000 Bill Payments 648,662 Subtotal Spent on Operations 888,662 Additional Cash Spent Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out 0 Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing 0 Other Liabilities Principal Repayment 0 Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment 30,000 Purchase Other Current Assets 0 Purchase Long-term Assets 0 Dividends 0 Subtotal Cash Spent 918,662 Net Cash Flow 45,338 Cash Balance 166,338 Projected balance sheet- we also in the last projected our assets and liabilities of the business. With this we know about our financial strength. Projected balance sheet PARTICULAR OPENING BALANCE CLOSING BALANCE Assets Current Assets Cash 166,338 Inventory 46,200 Other Current Assets 0 Total Current Assets 212,538 Long-term Assets Long-term Assets 30,000 Accumulated Depreciation 4,284 Total Long-term Assets 25,716 Total Assets 238,254 Liabilities and Capital Year 1 Current Liabilities Accounts Payable 61,715 Current Borrowing 0 Other Current Liabilities 0 Subtotal Current Liabilities 61,715 Long-term Liabilities 120,000 Total Liabilities 181,715 Paid-in Capital 80,000 Retained Earnings (79,000) Earnings 55,539 Total Capital 56,539 Total Liabilities and Capital 238,254 Net Worth 56,539 CONCLUSION So after project all the things like market plan, operational plan and also financial plan then we all plan put into the action and control them so the work was going effectively and efficiently. As I select the take a loan from the banks and some fund collect by issue of securities so I have build a good Hardware store which become attractive. So my hardware store name is COMPLETE HOME which means complete your dream home. And we always aim to provide the good product and services to our consumer . REFRENCES www.businessplan.com http://www.bplans.com/hardware_retail_franchise_business_plan/financial_plan_fc.cfm http://www.scribd.com/doc/21040477/Retail-Formats http://www.indiahardwarestores.in/ BOOKS SWAPNA PRADHAN PRASANA CHANDRA

Slavery and Christianity in Harriet A. Jacob’s Incidents in the Life of

The Incongruity of Slavery and Christianity in Harriet A. Jacob’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Written by Herself Slavery, the â€Å"Peculiar Institution† of the South, caused suffering among an innumerable number of human beings. Some people could argue that the life of a domestic animal would be better than being a slave; at least animals are incapable of feeling emotions. Suffering countless atrocities, including sexual assault, beatings, and murders, these slaves endured much more than we would think is humanly possible today. Yet, white southern â€Å"Christians† committed these atrocities, believing their behaviors were neither wrong nor immoral. Looking back at these atrocities, those who call themselves Christians are appalled. In Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Written by Herself, Harriet A. Jacobs describes the hypocrisy of Southern, Christian slave owners in order to show that slavery and Christianity are not congruent. â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness† (Jefferson). Thomas Jefferson, a white, Christian, political southern slave owner, wrote these words in 1776, a period in United States history when slavery thrived. The writer of the Declaration of Independence contradicts himself when he states that all men are created equal, when in actuality, his slaves were denied all that humans were meant to cherish. The slave owners accepted and rationalized slavery through the Holy Bible. The Bible mentions slavery on numerous occasions, and yet none of these passages condemn it. Timothy 6:1-2 states, â€Å"Let slaves regard th... ...e that chattel slavery was a cruel, perverse institution that no human should ever have to endure. Most people realize today how hypocritical it was to call oneself a Christian, while treating slaves so horribly. Throughout her book, Harriet Jacobs, in Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Written by Herself, revealed Americans everywhere that slave owners were hypocrites, and calling themselves Christians was perhaps the greatest sin of all. Works Cited Jacobs, Harriet A. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Written by Herself. 1861. Ed. Lydia Maria Child. New ed. Jean Fagan Yellin. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1987. Jefferson, Thomas. â€Å"The Declaration of Independence.† 4 July 1776. The Holy Bible. New International Version. Zondervan Publishing House. 1983. King, Martin Luther. â€Å"I Have a Dream.† Washington, D.C. 28 Aug. 1963.

Justin Bieber

Never say Never was one of the most inspirational movies I've ever  seen, and i don't think I'll ever see one that beats it. Every day i hear hateful comments on Justin, things like † He's gay† † He sounds like a girl† † he's so fake† And all this stuff, haters can go ahead and hate, but if you actually took a second too stop the hating, and listen too the words that come out of Justin's mouth, listen too his songs, watch his movie, I promise you'd see him from a whole new perspective. I always thought Justin Bieber was just some hot Canadian that had a good voice, but he's so much more. He's given up so much for his fans, it's unbelievable. He'd rather sing his heart out at a concert then lay down when he's sick, he puts the people he loves first, and that's all that should matter. You cant judge someone by looks, by voice, by one word you hear. To judge someone, you need too get too know them, understand what they've been through, understand all they've given up for others, understand how amazing and loving they truly are. Sometimes I get so upset when people try too talk down on him, and insult him, but they're only ruining themselves, sure maybe a few people think its funny, but that's your opinion, and I bet if you really listened too yourself, you'd be ashamed at how much you put down a kid who's given up tons just for his fans, a kid who lives for the people he loves, a kid who doesn't care what the haters say. He's worked for this his whole life, This is his career, this is his dream, this is his everything. Money doesn't matter, fame doesn't matter, and he doesn't let it get too his head. I've never had an inspiration before.. and You know how Justin inspires Michael Jackson, Usher, and all the others? Well I'm proud too say he inspires me. I have 3 dreams in my lifetime that I know if I hope and pray enough, they can come true. My most important dream is for my dad too quit drinking and fight his cancer and live the rest of his life without having too worry. My second most important dream is for my mom too stop smoking, her mom died in her early 50's from emphazima, and my mom is the most important person in my life, and too see her die when I'm only 13, kills me inside. And my last dream†¦ that I promise too never give up on is too meet Justin, too actually talk too him, keep in touch with him, learn more about how good of a person he is.. And I will never give up on any of my dreams until I reach them, or until there's no chance anymore. I pray for those 3 dreams every night before I go too sleep, and whats ment too be, will be. What happens, happens and sometimes no one can change that. He started out as a normal kid living in Canada, doing all the things normal kids do. He had normal friends, a normal family, a normal life. He gave all that up for this life, for these fans, to do what he loves, too make people happy. People think he just puts on an act for attention†¦ for more fame, but what do you get from that? Nothing, if you be truthful too yourself and give it all you got, you can do anything and that's exactly what Never Say Never is about. A normal kid who knew he could do anything he put his heart too, he's one in a million, he has a gift, and no one, no one  can take that away from him. He has the most amazing fans in the world, I've honestly never seen people so dedicated too a person, so loving towards a person, so caring about a person they've never even gotten the chance too talk too. We'll always be there for him, through whatever, what he does with his life is up too him, and us belieber's will be there with him every step of the way. Once a belieber, always a believer.

Recruitment and Selection are only effective when they complement HRM Strategy and the company’s overall Business Strategy. Discuss The WritePass Journal

Recruitment and Selection are only effective when they complement HRM Strategy and the company’s overall Business Strategy. Discuss Introduction Recruitment and Selection are only effective when they complement HRM Strategy and the company’s overall Business Strategy. Discuss IntroductionHR main function interrelationship in most organisations:Recruitment SelectionThe universalistic perspectiveThe contingency perspectiveThe configurational perspectiveLinking Company-Wide and HRM strategiesManagerial CompetenciesStrategic human resource challengesConclusion REFERENCESRelated Introduction In the twenty-first century, organisations face an intense competitive environment. In order to compete effectively against their rivals organisations have to be indulged in the strengthening of their performance unceasingly. Managers are obliged to go beyond their required duties. Thus they require applying and using alternative ways for their organisations develop, move and learn faster compared to their rivals. â€Å"Organisational resources and capabilities that are rare and creating value in a unique way are required such that it’s not easily copied† (Barney, 1986; 1991; 1995). This is called the resource-based view, which states that ‘competitive advantage of a firm lies mainly in the use of the package of valuable resources used by an organisation’ (Conner, 1991; Wernerfeldt, 1984). Thus for a company to gain competitive advantage, it is vital for the latter to manage their capital, financial or human resources efficiently. All financial and capital resources of an organisation are solely managed by the organisations’ human capabilities (employees). Therefore it is vital that an organisation has a skilled, committed and ‘strategic partner’ (employee whose performance align HR and business strategy). Human resource can be describe as the aggregated skills, knowledge, talents, ability to create, the workforce of an organisation’s values, along with their talents and aptitudes, approaches and   beliefs involved. HR professionals should be able to apply best practices of HR. Pfefer (1994) has suggested that â€Å"participation, empowerment, incentive pay, promotion from within, and training and skill development are some of the best practices†. HR managers derive new policies and procedures taking into account HR functions in order to have better empowerment and achieve the organisation’s goal. HR functions are recruitment and selection and placement of personnel, training and development by maintain motivation, appraisal of performance and feedback counselling, transfer and job rotation, compensation and benefits (salary, cash and non-cash benefits), social security and welfare of employees,   contract negotiation and grievance handling, health and safety, employee and labour relationship, auditing and review of the man-power management within the firm and ensure quality work life and firm’s development. HR main function interrelationship in most organisations: Recruitment Selection The first and foremost function of HR is Recruitment and Selection of employees as and when required. It can arise due to expansion, strategic alliances (merger and acquisitions), delayering (the need of reducing management due to downsizing or reduction of cost of the organisation) and promotion or someone leaving or temporary requirement. Rynes (1991); Rynes Cable (2003) outlined that ‘recruitment is the utilization of an organisation’s practices such that the number and types of applicants are influenced to apply for vacancies’. Thus recruitment can be described as the process in which an organisation is indulged such that applicants are attracted to apply for any vacancies arising and selecting the appropriate candidates and ensure that they are armed with the suitable training such that they are able to perform at an optimal level. Recruitment can be internal or external focussed. Whereas Selection has been best described by Roberts (1997) defined as â€Å"The purpose of the selection is to match people to work. It is the most important element in any organization’s management of people simply because it is not possible to optimise the effectiveness of human resources, by whatever method, if there is a less than adequate match.† (Robert, 1997) Hence the way that information is collected and evaluated about the candidate and select the appropriate applicant in order to extend employment offer is termed as selection and it is always performed under legal and environmental constraints and also highlights interest of the individual and the organisation. Once recruitment and selection is over, training is enforced in order the staff is able to perform in accordance to the organisation’s procedures where the vision and mission of the company is also clearly outlined. Human Resource Management (HRM) has recently been changed into a macro perspective of HRM and been termed as Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM), (Delery Doty, 1996).Thus in order for HR policies to be effective, it have to be consistent with other aspects of the organisation. In other words SHRM highlights the very importance of HR practices for a firm’s performance (Delery Doty, 1996). Further Dessler (2008, p.86) demarcated SHRM â€Å"The formulation and execution of human resource policies and practices that produce the employee competencies and behaviours the company need to achieve its strategic aims†. Pfeffer (1994) best practices â€Å" These best practices are employment security, selectivity in recruiting, high wages, incentive pay, employee ownership, information sharing, participation and empowerment, teams and job redesign, training and skill development, cross-utilization and cross-training, symbolic egalitarianism, wage compression, promotion from within, long-term perspective, measurement of the practices, overarching philosophy† SHRM objectives are to utilise the best practices and achieve the following: Ensure company’s goals are achieve Effective utilisation and maximisation development of HR Respecting, identifying and satisfying individuals’ needs Reconciling the employees goals and that   of the firm Provision of well-trained and well-motivated staffs Morale of staffs are kept high Ensuring that job satisfaction and self-actualisation is attained to its maximum Develop and maintain quality of work life Developing personality of staffs in its multidimensional aspect. Staff capabilities being enhance to perform actual job To be responsive at the ethical and social needs of the society Ensure staffs are equipped precisely and clearly in the transaction of business Team spirit being inculcate such that team work and inter-team collaboration is gained SHRM objectives are vital objectives in an organisation as it directly relates to the performance and competitive advantage of the firm. Competitive advantage is attained through continuous HRM and the business strategy being outlined from the outset. Business strategy has been described as the art of and crafting, implementing and the evaluation of cross-functional decisions that allows a firm realise its long-term goals. Whereby the specification of vision, mission and objectives policies and plans being developed and finally allocating resources to implement policies, plans and projects. An inter-related relationship between HRM and Business Strategy can be illustrated as follows: Administrative Elements Of HRM which are transferable between organisation Firstly the above diagram indicates that it should all start with the inner circle vision, values, objectives and strategies of the organisation. In other words the organisation should set its vision, objectives and then strategies of the organisation firstly. Subsequently the HR roles should be assigned in alignment with the strategic decisions taken when objectives and strategies are set. For the strategic decisions outlined, the organisation’s HR policies are varyingly set and differ from organisation to organisations. Administrative elements of HRM which are transferable between organisations are the grey-blue outer circle. Hence the diagram clearly outline that the interrelationship of the business strategy, HR practices and HRM. Ulrich (1997) has mentioned in regards to SHRM and highlighted how HR professionals can be a strategic partner within an organisation. This can be achieved by professional working in accordance to managers who have set up strategies and process such that objectives and set targets are attained by the department to meet requirements of the ultimate business. While managing an organisation frameworks are set and in accordance to Delery and Doty (1996) the three within SHRM namely universalistic, contingency perspective and configurationally approach. They have established that the three mentioned perceptions are feasible theories within SHRM however they have separate outcome on the firm’s performance and its strategy and HR practices. The universalistic perspective    Here the best practices of HR are being referred. â€Å"The best practices have been mentioned previously and they vital to a firm when undertaking strategy implementation so that sustainable competitive advantage is gained by the organisation† (Huselid, 1993; Pfeffer1994). It is also the simplest theoretical statement in SHRM. Here the argument is that the connections in regards to independent and dependable variables are universal across the firms. The universalistic approach can be established by proceeding with the two following steps: Identification of strategic HR practices The urge of looking for the arguments in relation to the practices and the firm’s performance. Pfeffer (1994) mention sixteen best ones but on the on other hand Delery and Doty (1996) outlines only seven which has been mentioned before. The contingency perspective   When comparing the universalistic to the contingency perspective, the contingency is more complex as it considers the interaction of instead the linear relations only. Primarily the contingent factor of an organisation is the business strategy and using this perspective, investigators will have to opt for theories for the organisation’s strategy. Afterwards specification of how the interaction of each HR practices will effect along with the strategy and if enhancement of the organisation performance is attained. The configurational perspective   Delery and Doty (1996) has debated upon this approach as the most complex one. Since this perspective does not exclusively focus on internal resources nor on an organisation’s environment but on the shared influence of a set variables. The unique pattern or the configurations are identified which is assumed to be most effective for an organisation (Delery Doty, 1996). Hence it models the interrelationships.    Linking Company-Wide and HRM strategies    In the figure below, Dessler (2007) has elaborated on the process and how HR strategies and corporate strategies go along side of each other ‘hand in hand’. Strategic situations are brought along by the competitiveness, internal strength and weaknesses of the organisation whereby strategic plans are formulated. While formulating the strategies various questions arise. For instance, how cost can be lowered such that profits are maximised, when or where it is best to expand and is there the requirement for diversification. Further the HR strategies which will be formulated and implemented should comply with the overall corporate strategies. The recruitment and selection, training and development, appraisal of employees are required to be synced such that it supports the strategic plan of the organisation. The very question of how well does company strategies are aligned to the HR strategies formulated and applied will directly have effect on the organisation overall performance. The main aim of this model above is to appraise the HR strategies and corporate Strategies alignment. Organisational performance and strategic situation are normally not included in the purpose. But we have taken them into consideration as they are of vital role within the process of aligning. That is due to the fact that the strategic planning’s outcome is the strategic situation and it is essential if in case the constructed plan by the firm does not fit the strategic situation expected. This can affect the HR strategies and the firm’s performance at the end adversely.    Managerial Competencies Firstly, Westley Mintzberg, (1989), in Lado Wilson, (1994) has described that â€Å"Managerial Competencies includes exclusive capabilities of the leaders in propagating the strategic vision, communicating the vision and investing in the employees such that the firm is able to realise the vision†. Hence this capability can give rise a very useful environment for the firm. Enacting this organisational environment gives the employees a way to interpret and act upon the vision that was conveyed. The managerial view is seen as a source of competitive advantage due to its decisive nature upon the organisations resources (Lado Wilson, 1994). Thus one of the HR systems that can enhance this competence is development and creation of managerial competencies. Top managers and middle managers are utilised in the creation of the strategic vision and the managerial competencies are let through the organisation (Lado Wilson, 1994). Thus the traditional view of effective communication an d ease the interpretation and understanding of the vision is vital.    Strategic human resource challenges Thus from the above it is obvious if these challenges must be made primary and achieved and also much more focus must be made on designing not only execution of strategies. Conclusion    Hence it is obvious that recruitment and selection is only effective when it complement with HRM strategies and business strategies. As the recruiting of highly qualified and skilled employees cannot achieve anything unless they are armed with the appropriate tools, practices and procedures which are closely managed by HRM within the organisation. The interrelationship between recruitment and HRM and the overall business has been explicitly explained above but the effects of poor recruitment can result in high costs incurred in terms of time of money and time, inefficiency, client dissatisfaction and disability in team work and low morality. Hence not only recruitment and selection needs to be effective but also proper training and appraisals to maintain level of performance and appropriate rewards and benefits are required to motivate the employees to maintain a high level of performance. Whilst the SHRM should maintain a regular high level of assessment throughout the employees per formance, environment and other factors affecting directly and ensure that the objectives and the business vision is achieved within the set period. As under the current economic climate businesses tend to cut down on the size such that they can survive thus they should be able to trust be able to rely on effective HRM. A recent example is the Icon Film Distribution Ltd which was taken over by Stewart Till and Access industries and because of the economic situation prevailing in UK and their performance in the film market they have opted to downsizing. REFERENCES Schuler, R. S., Jackson, S. E. (1987). Linking competitive strategies with human resource practices. Academy of Management Executive, 1, 207-219. Pfeffer, J. 1994. Competitive advantage through people: Unleashing the power of the work force. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Rogers, E. W., Wright, P. (1998). Measuring organizational performance in strategic human resource management research: Problems, prospects, and performance information markets. Human Resource Management Review, 8, 311-331. Elearn Limited (2005) â€Å"Recruitment an selection†, Elsevier Ltd, Oxford, UK. Colakoglu, S., lepak, D. P., Hong, Y. (2006). Measuring HRM effectiveness: considering multiple stakeholders in a global context. Human Resource Management Review. 16, 209-218. netlibrary.com.ezproxy.wales.ac.uk:2048/Reader/ http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zEoAUt-3CVQCpg=PA228dq=hr+recruitment+selection+training+and+development+rewards+and+benefits+from+bookshl=enei=MayRTaiFHM6DhQf2oOWGDwsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=2ved=0CEIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepageqf=false

Defining Public Private Partnership Social Policy Essays

Defining Public Private Partnership Social Policy Essays Defining Public Private Partnership Social Policy Essay Defining Public Private Partnership Social Policy Essay The term public private partnership is a relationships between public and private sectors in the proviso of substructure and other services. Other footings used for this type of activity include private sector engagement ( PSP ) and denationalization. Public private partnership is a leasing agreement, a private company or a group of companies undertake to finance and construct an plus, and in some instances run the assets and supply a service associated with it, in exchange of one-year fee under a contractual understanding. These agreements are applied to assortment of assets including building of roads, edifice schools, infirmaries and besides supplying these services to the populace. At the terminal of the contractual period these assets are transformed to the authorities. A strong public private partnership allocates and reassign hazard between public and private entities. The public spouses in a public private partnership are authorities bureaus, including ministries, sections, municipalities, or state-owned endeavors. The private spouses may be local or international and concern investors holding proficient and fiscal expertness. Increasingly, public private partnership may besides include Nongovernment organisations ( NGOs ) and community based organisations ( CBOs ) who represent stakeholders straight affected by the undertaking. There are three stages of public private partnership. The Financing agreement The building stage The proviso of service by maintaining plus The three elements of ppp trades solved three jobs for the authorities. The Financing agreement postponed payment to future old ages. The building component based on a specification and public presentation contract, removed the job of the direction of capital undertakings from the populace sector. The on-going contracts transfer the job of running the plus to the company that provided them. The private finance enterprise was introduced in the Autumn statement in1992when Norman Lamont was Chancellor of the Exchequer of the treasury. Basically the thought was that alternatively of borrowing money for capital outgo the authorities must contract with private sector house to supply the service associated with a capital plus to pay a fee for them. The advantage for the authorities is that they would non hold to borrow the money and the capital disbursement is non considered as public outgo therefore maintaining borrowing and passing low in the twelvemonth in which the trade is enacted. MODELS OF PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP There are different signifiers of public private partnership that are widely used in a context to set up contracts. Following are the theoretical accounts of public private partnership. Service CONTRACTS Service contract is an agreement between public and private sector to transport out short term operational demands. It is a signifier of public private partnership in which private party operates, procure and keep an plus, while the direction and investing duty remain with the authorities or the public sector that bears the fiscal hazard. This contract is peculiarly for 1-3 old ages and public authorization delegate some activities to the private sector to run. Under service contract the private spouse receive fee for executing service from the authorities may be unit cost or one clip fee, hence he can increase net income border by cut downing runing cost. STRENGTH OF SERVICE CONTRACT Service contract provides normally a low hazard option for the private spouse, and the service to be performed is clearly defined in the contract. Service contract are for short term and has significant impact on the operation and efficiency of the system. It offers low barriers to entry that consequences in increased competition. WEAKNESS OF THE SERVICE CONTRACT If the aim of the contract is to pull capital investing so service contract is non suited, this contract may increase efficiency but the contractor is non bound and under duty to supply funding. The efficiency and effectivity of the contractor may be compromised if other funding beginnings like authorities and givers do non happen. MANAGEMENT CONTRACT It is a signifier of contract in which some or all of the operations and direction of the sector is handed over to the private sector, really the ultimate proviso of service remains with public sector but twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours operations and direction authorization is transferred to the private sector. the private spouse in most instances provide working capital but non supply farther investing. The public sector is responsible for investing and distinct maps and public presentation to be achieved by the private sector is predetermined in the contract. The illustrations include public-service corporation services, port governments and hospital direction etc. STRENGTH OF THE CONTRACT The major advantage of the contract is that efficiency can be achieved by affecting private sector without reassigning the ownership of plus. This contract is of low cost and requires fewer staff from private sector to execute an duty like public-service corporation services. WEAKNESS OF THE CONTRACT The chief hazard involved in the direction contract is that I may non supply extended authorization over labour force which is profoundly required in the positive alteration. The difference between the service and direction is slippery one. LEASING Contract Under renting contract the private spouse provide the service at his or her ain hazard and is responsible for supplying service under duty. The plus is retained with the private proprietor and at the terminal of the contractual period the plus is handed over to the original proprietor. The continuance of the contract is typically for 10-20 old ages. The duty of service proviso is transferred from public operator to the private operator and is responsible for the fiscal hazard of operation and care. STENGTH OF THE CONTRACT The net income of the private operator chiefly depends upon the sale and cost of public-service corporation. This contract provide an inducement for the private spouse to accomplish high degree of efficiency an sale of public-service corporation. The chief advantage for the populace sector is that the hazard of direction is transferred to the private proprietor. The private spouse does non supply investing but pay fee for the usage of plus. WEAKNESSES OF THE CONTRACT As the contract allows to bring forth gross from client payments here the inquiry of duty degree becomes sensitive. As the capital investing in the plus is the duty of the authorities so no private investing is mobilized. Concession It is a contract in which all the hazard of operation, direction, care and investing even the rhenium structuring is transferred to the private operator. The public presentation criterions are set by public spouses and guarantee that the private operator should run into these criterions. The public sector beside supplying service play the function by puting monetary values every bit good. The concessioner to bring forth gross roll up duty straight from the system users and the standards and regulations of the game are set by the authorities. The private spouse is responsible for the capital investing in the plus to construction and upgrade the plus, sometimes authorities besides supply aid in the investing of the plus to supply aid to the private operator. Concession contracts are typically for 25-30 old ages that provides a long clip period for the operator to retrieve the capital invested. STRENGTH OF THE CONTRACT For the public spouse or authorities the grant is of import in a sense that provide aid to pull private spouses to supply fund for the building of edifice or roads in the bing installations. Main advantage to the private operator is that he can accomplish high net income against the investing by accomplishing efficiency. WEAKNES OF THE CONTRACT The chief drawback is to specify the activities and duties of the private spouse in the contract. As the contracts are long term it creates trouble in command procedure. There is besides possibility that the private proprietor may put in the plus that have payback prevarications within the contractual period. Political hurdlings may besides impact the contract due to its long term nature. As the grant necessitate immense investing there are limited figure of rivals and operators for major substructure. Health SECTOR IN PAKISTAN Introduction Pakistan is confronting serious jobs in the wellness sector from the birth. The underdeveloped states are confronting terrible wellness jobs due to hapless public presentation of the authorities. Since 1947 three chief forces the armed forces, the politicians and the civil service are ruling the province. There remain the war for power and achieving domination. Donors have besides important function in the constitution and running of different sectors. After the war on panic Pakistan proved to b more of import for the remainder of the provinces and givers. Outside resources used for the state s wellness sector have reached to 3 of the entire outgos in the wellness sector. Government is responsible for the proviso of wellness attention installations because single market forces ca nt supply these services entirely on an just mode. As the fundamental laws are framed by the authorities therefore they are bound by the Acts of the Apostless to supply these services every bit to all. Furthermore the authoritiess have to take certain steps to command diseases and wellness attention activities in the province. Constitution of infirmaries, proviso of staff and medical specialties is the premier duty of the authorities of the province. Poor authorities determinations and high grade of corruptness, inefficiency and hapless control over the resources has lead to terrible epidemic status of wellness sector. For many old ages over75 per centum of wellness services are provided by private sectors. The provinces bringing of services is in crises in Pakistan, there coverage is in adequate and quality is non harmonizing to the criterion. An overview of the state s public presentation shows that as more than Rs.160 billion have been invested in the societal sector through different programmes but the status still ranks below the states of the universe. Major PROBLEMS OF THE HEALTH SECTOR REGULATORY ISSUES Inappropriate wellness activities in the state has increased the job for the population.pharmaceuticals companies working in the province are illegal.40 to 50 per centum of medical specialties produced in the province are forged. The weak authorities ordinances and hapless control over the pharmaceutical companies has lead to many abnormalities. The ultimate affect of these abnormalities proved in the signifier of bad medical specialties and the decease of the populace. Corruptness Corruptness remains the greatest chellange for the administration and there is a common perceptual experience that the corruptness is at extremum in the wellness sector. The most outstanding illustration of corruptness in Pakistan is noted through absenteeism of wellness forces and physicians. A really big figure of physicians are having wages but they are non executing their responsibilities in a right mode. They remain available in their private clinics but the authorities infirmaries remain empty. The other signifier of corruptness is through bear downing high fees from the patients, even medical specialty is supplied by the authorities, infirmaries belong to authorities but they even charge fees every bit good. Corruptness is besides common when the contracts are given to the contractors for the purchase of equipment and medical specialties for the authorities infirmaries. With the consent of high functionaries the contractors by low quality equipments and even expired and forged medical specialty for the infirmary that lacks behind the utile life. The drugs and medical specialties are stolen from the shop and sold in the private market ensuing in a deficit of medical specialty in the public facilitation infirmaries. The procedure of licencing pharmacies is backed by payoff. In fact every sector and through the hierarchy about every one is involved in one and another manner in corruptness. RULE OF Law Rules of society are really low in Pakistan.these jobs are due to hapless contract public presentation and hapless judicial system and due to ill equipt public presentation agents. Pakistan has a really weak system to turn to medical carelessness that finally affects consumers. There are no equal policies available for the protection of hapless patients. In the developed states the patients can action the physicians and medical practicians in here carelessness but in Pakistan people due to hapless background and attack ca nt take even their right to be medicated. These in adequate Torahs have affects on the consumers. INAPPROPROATE GOVERNMENT HEALTH SERVICES Government is a symbol of rightness and is responsible for the preparation, execution and rating of quality societal and wellness programmes. The major job in Pakistan remained the proviso of hapless quality of wellness direction and services. The choice criterion of authorities infirmaries is really hapless in Pakistan that encouraged the private sector to come frontward and take the charge.70 per centum of the users are non satisfied with the medical specialties and even the staff of the infirmary. Undertaking planning is the sphere of the planning committee and the ministries are responsible to rent different programmes for the development of the wellness sector and the territory authoritiess have to set about the waies of the provincial section and implement the programs. CASE STUDY REGARDING THE REFORMS IN THE HEALTH CARE An effort was made for doing reforms in the wellness attention though a private enterprise in a little town LODHRAN in the Punjab state, after recognizing the fact that the authorities sponsored wellness attention system can non carry through the demands of the populace and the experiment was made in 1999 to re engineer the procedure for primary wellness attention ( PHC ) . This reform was initiated in coaction with a public sector NGO, National Rural Support Programme ( NRSP ) that run three BHU s on behalf of District Administration. This experiment was although on little footing but proved successful. However the success of the plan compeled the provincial authorities to take and originate the plan as the Chief Ministers Initiative on Primary Health attention ( CMIPHC ) . District Rahim Yar Khan was chosen as a pilot territory for the undertaking, whose Nazim Mayor extended political every bit good as administrative support for the plan. Footings of partnership was signed between the territory authorities and PRSP for five old ages period on 15th April 2003. On subscribing the contract PRSP was given a complete fiscal every bit good as administrative authorization of 104 BHU s in the territory. The PRSP has to run these BHU s under the bing budget restraint. One physician posted to each bunch. If he was oversing 3 BHU s so was paid Rs.30,000/ in instance of oversing 2 BHU s he received Rs.24,000/ per month. This salary bundle was higher than that paid by the provincial authorities. The physician was besides allowed to have Rs.100000/ loan to purchase a vehicle for himself, and was allotted residential installation in the distant country where there was a job of abode. The physician was merely responsible for the overall care and record of BHU s under his/her supervising. PRSP has addressed the job of absenteeism of female medical officers in the rural countries successfully. Due to some societal restraints females in the rural countries were hesitating to confer with male physicians so the presence of female medical officer was indispensable to salvage female parent and kid. In the same manner no female officer was willing to work in a distant country so many attractive bundles were offered to them to decide this job. She was paid up to Rs.37000/ per month and can have an involvement free loan of Rs.150,000/ for the purchase of a auto. Although the Lodhran theoretical account was home adult theoretical account of wellness attention due to its efficiency and important impact it was implemented on a big graduated table to supply wellness attention installations to more than 25 million people. AFFECTS OF THE MODEL This undertaking reduced absenteeism up to negligible extant. Efficient wellness attention installations were available on a big graduated table even in rural countries. De centralisation in direction reduced the affect of corruptness at the upper degree. BHU ; s in the rural countries become functional that were closed due to absence of physicians. As the undertaking was once more handed over to the territory authorities and with in a twelvemonth the BHU retained the old place and the consequences were black. This diagram shows the affect of palatopharyngoplasty on wellness sector that how the figure of visits went up in the infirmaries when organized by PRSP and in the same manner went down when handed over to the authorities. HOW TO DEAL WITH POOR HEALTH SECTOR OF PAKISTAN It is apparent that public private partnership is the indispensable manner to get by with any hapless on the job section or sector. However the authorities should take certain necessary stairss to supply efficient wellness installations to the populace at their stairss. PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE HEALTH SECTOR Private sectors move frontward because of authorities in efficiency to run any sector decently, still in wellness attention public private partnership is ill developed. The authorities should promote the function of givers and civil society to the wellness attention. Private partnerships should be made to convey efficiency and transparence in the wellness attention. Private houses should affect to run the system and to supply wellness attention installations to all sectors of the province and hapless populace on an just footing. INTRODUCE TRANSPARENCY Corruptness is a root cause of the jobs of wellness attention and the bing state of affairs of the wellness sector. The whole sector is under the control of corrupt supervisors, there is a desperate demand to convey transparence and to put up a system through proper planning and execution of procedure. Transparency can besides be achieved through reforms in the wellness sector. Government may implement reforms and may present private spouse to take over the duty of keeping and runing the wellness sector. CREATE CHECK AND BALANCE IN THE HEALTH SECTOR Efficiency can besides be achieved through making proper cheque and balance system in the wellness attention, by back uping to the wellness commissions and communities. Measures must be taken to develop community engagement. Weak cheque and balance in any sector can impact the efficieny of that sector and contribute to the down autumn more efficaciously.

Integrated Models And Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Quest for Justice Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quest for Justice - Case Study Example The South Poverty Center has offered its services to the investigators from Center's Intelligence Project; both the units have worked in cordial atmosphere to "secure justice for the hate victims targeted by domestic terrorists" (Lester, 2005). The law firm has been able to achieve desirable results, and judgments were pronounced against "ten major white supremacist organizations, and more than fifty individuals were sentenced for their participation in stylish stunts" (Lester, 2005). The Intelligence Project conducted mutually by Southern Poverty Law Center and American Civil Liberties Union resulted in the "criminal conviction of different individuals in stylish stunts cases". The law firms publish their respective journals in which the investigation work conducted against racists and radical groups have been reported, such publications "expose the activities of the radical right and are made available for free to media, human rights workers and law enforcement" (Lester, 2005). The American Civil Liberties Union has stressed that the courts are supposed to perform improved role of arbitration and accounta