Why Global Warming Isn’t Real

Global climate change has been an issue for decades and so people are trying to stop it by going green and blaming carbon dioxide for the cause because there has been an increase of it. The truth is, it is not real. People get tricked into thinking global warming is real and the media makes a big deal about it and because people rely on the media for what is going on, and they believe what they say. That it is why they want them to get fuel efficient cars and energy star products along with solar and wind power to lessen the reliance on fossil fuels to help stop global warming. A lot of research has been done to show that carbon dioxide does not affect global warming. Scientists believe global warming is real based on the data that has been collected over the years. Tim Pawlenty had two claims on global warming, the first one is that evidence points toward climate change being natural and not a man made phenomenon. The U. N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) said that over the past 50 years, global warming was observed as human induced emissions such as the burning of fossil fuels like gasoline in our cars and clearing forests. The IPCC also claims that between 1995 and 2006, eleven of the twelve years were the warmest years on record. The second claim that Pawlenty made is that science about causes of climate change is dispute. The 2010 survey showed that of 1,372 scientists surveyed, 97-98% of them said that humans are to blame for on climate change. This was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences which is the official publication of the US National Academy of Sciences. (Holan, Angie Drobnic, and David G. Taylor) There are a lot of facts and research as well to show why global warming is something that people are overreacting to. The Berkley Earth Surface Temperature (BEST) showed that the worldwide temperatures have increased only by 1degree Celsius since 1950 while also showing that in the past decade, the temperature has been unchanged. Anthony Watts analyzed the US temperature data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Climate Data Center and found some stunning results. He said that the Earth is cooling and not warming and broke down the data into winter, summer and annual temperatures in nine different regions. Every region has shown a drop in temperature for the winter, ranging from -1. 3 to -8. 4 degrees Fahrenheit in the west and east north central regions respectively. for the summer, five of the nine regions have negative temperature trends falling 1. 95 degrees in the northwest region. Only the northeast region has shown positive temperature trends for the annual temperatures. (Tennant, Michael) The IPCC has no creditable evidence that the Earth is warming like t hey claim. In fact, 17,000 scientists signed a petition saying that there is no convincing evidence that global warming exists. Satellite readings from the troposphere show that there is no warming since they started being used for the past 23 years. These are very accurate in taking temperature readings. The only data that shows there is global warming is the land base stations. With the heating and emissions from vehicles, The data collected shows that human error is factored in therefore would have scientists believe it is real. The efforts to reduce the greenhouse emissions s very costly and it would not stop the climate from changing. Reducing the carbon dioxide to the 1990’s levels within the next couple years requires higher energy taxes and regulations. This will cause 2. million jobs lost and $300 million in annual economic output. The household income nationwide will drop almost $3,000 therefore causing the state revenue taxes to fall almost $93 billion due to less taxable earned income and sales along with lower property values. Over 80% of the carbon dioxide increase in the 20th century was after 1940. Most of the temperature increase happened before 1940 and between the 40’s and mid 70’s, the car bon dioxide increased dramatically as the Earth was cooling. Water vapor is considered a major greenhouse gas and accounts for 95% of any greenhouse effect. According to the Journal Science in 1982, termites produce ten times more carbon dioxide than all the factories and vehicles alone. (Edmund Contoski) There are a lot of facts on why global warming is true, but the evidence does not confirm it. The data that was collected from the US government shows that the Earth is cooling and not warming. Carbon dioxide is not to blame for increasing global warming. All the research that was done on monitoring temperatures and carbon dioxide show that the Earth is not warming and humans are not to blame and it is only natural.

Honor Thy Children Essay

Overall the book Honor Thy Children by Molly Fumia was great. There were points in this book that just tugged at my heart. For example when the Nakatani’s found out that their middle son Greg was shot and killed. There were also points in this book that I felt if I had been in their position, I would be in a great deal of pain and misery and would not know how to work through all that had happened. I thought that Al and Jane were brave parents to endure the deaths of their three sons. This book by far was the most interesting non-fiction book I have read. This book would move the heart of any person that read it. The best thing about this book by far is how the parents have persevered throughout all these events that has happened to their family. From the running away of Glen, the murder of their son Greg, the finding out that their sons Glen and Guy were gay and their contraction of HIV, and also the death of them. They had to have heavy hearts after all of this happened, and yet they still go through all the HIV campaigning to show us how dangerous this disease is. A thing I did not like about this book is that there were very little happy things that happened to this family. I also thought that it was hard to keep track of the Nakatani’s children because all of their names were so similar. If I were to grade this book, I would give it an A++ because this is a very good book and shows that humans have the will to push through any obstacle. Even though they have gone through all of that God did not give them a break and show them mercy. Despite their hard troubles, they pushed through all the sadness and despair and turned it around to help other people not make the same mistakes as them. This would definitely be a book I would recommend to people because there are very good life lessons in it. For instance, there is a limit to strict parenting, choosing your words correctly (Greg), and when faced with the worst of situations there is always something you can do about it. It also demonstrates that when a child is is pain and dying, parents always want to try and help to do what’s best for them, even at the expense of their own self. I think this book would be for ages 15 and up because there are things that would be hard to understand for someone of a young age. Also I feel that the person reading it should have some respect for gays, lesbians, etc. otherwise reading this book would be pointless. The book and movie were great to say the least. It taught me to accept who you are and that death is not the end. Memories can carry on and teach others how to deal with the loss of your loved ones. This book allowed me to take a glimpse into the Nakatani’s life and how they dealt with the loss and the grief that followed. Honor Thy Children taught me that no matter what life throws at you there are always ways to overcome these challenges. The thing I thought was most interesting was Guy will to go out to speak even while confined to a wheelchair. He had the courage to go out in the state he was in and speak. The person I identify most with in this story would be Greg. I identify with Greg the most because he was the middle son, a macho, speak his mind kind of person. The person I would identify least with would be Guy. I identify least with him because if I had gotten HIV and knew I was dying I would probably hate the world and seclude myself and not really try to do anything. This book did not really impact my life because even though it was a great book, it did not really apply that much to my life. I think that, because I have not had something similar happen to me, I have no gay or lesbian friends and I also do not know anyone with a serious disease. I think that the only things that would apply to me would be the Asian/Hawaiian culture, the dealing with the death of a loved one, and parenting. Their culture is exactly like mine because I am Japanese and I was born and raised in Hawaii. In our culture we are taught to respect your elders and listen to them. I also felt that the Nakatani’s dealt with the death of their sons better than I would have. When my brother and grandparents died I had a hard time and at some points I went through a period of depression that lasted a month in which I did not attend. It made me feel that I should have been a better grandchild and brother because I caused them a lot of trouble. The parenting part got to me because I was lucky that my parents, who were somewhat strict, were not as strict as the Nakatani’s. This helped me learn to appreciate my parents more.

Analytical Report Employee Behaviour and Working Relationships

The study paper has been described to discuss the management of one of the fundamental business ethical dilemmas. Precisely, contemporary business organisations need to identify the foundational issues related to business ethics, so that management of workforce will become effective. In the management of employee behaviour and working relationships, one of the most conventional ethical dilemmas is manager’s role in dealing with the claims of workplace harassment. Through the identification of the particular business ethics dilemma, the study considers moral reasoning and significant ethical principles describing the issue from a broader perspective (Dale, 2016). Moreover, the issue has been discussed at the individual level, organisational level, and corporate social level to define the impact on the same based on moral stance. Notably, the critical analysis of the identified issue has been illustrated in the study based on the question of morality and challenges to be considered by modern firms. However, the importance of ethics to the contemporary business management must be evaluated at the individual, organisational, and corporate social level. Dealing with the issue of ethical dilemmas such as workplace bullying or harassment claim management in the management of employee behaviour and working relationships, the role of the manager should be evident. Meanwhile, ignoring the workplace bullying or workplace harassment cases can create an adverse impact on the employee engagement and reputation of the firm (Teare, 2016). Modern organisations need to identify the essence of employee relation management so that any internal ethical issues can be dealt with severity. Precisely, the management of the human resource must protect the civil rights of the employees to avoid issues leading to discriminatory harassment due to gender, religion, race, colour, and employee background, etc (O'Leary-Kelly and Bowes-Sperry, 2001). In order to control the problems of managing workplace bullying and harassment claims, suitable organisational ethical code of conduct and employee regulations must be developed. By considering the law of discrimination, such ethical problems should be tackled irrespective of any other aspects (Armstrong and Francis, 2014). However, the manager needs to investigate the impact of the issue at the broader level so that the damage control must be done quickly. For instance, some of the reputed companies have tried to solve the issue internally so that the overall status and reputation of the business cannot be hampered (Stevens, 2010). Herein, the ethical liability of the company should be questioned. Furthermore, in dealing with the ethical dilemmas such as workplace bullying and harassment claims in managing employee behaviour and working relationships, the management team needs to verify each aspect of the problem as the issue can affect the employment of an individual employee (McCabe and Hardman, 2005). Apparently, the ethical code of conduct and workplace guidelines must state the employees what actions should be acceptable within the workplace. Understandably, workplace bullying can destroy the entire culture of the business organisation. For a manager’s point of view, in the decision-making of a harassment claim, it is important to investigate the type of humiliation involved in the case. Proper investigation and evidence must be conducted so that the emotional stress of the plaintiff can be redeemed (Lieber, 2008). However, certain challenges must be overcome by the managers dealing with the issues of managing harassment claims and workplace bullying. One of the most significant challenges in managing the cases of workplace harassment is the position of the accused. In many of the instances, the senior executives have been accused of the harassing the staff members based on sex, gender, race, or religion, etc (Fevre, Grainger and Brewer, 2010). Therefore, managers may face significant administrative pressure to handle the case internally. As a result of the consequences, independent investigation and witness related to the case can be manipulated. Alternatively, in the case of sexual harassment claims and other discriminatory cases, responding to the complaints has been delayed so that the severity of the matter cannot affect the culture of the organisation (Hirsh and Lyons, 2010). However, in the management of employee behaviour and working relationships based on moral and ethical aspects, managers need to evaluate what is right according to the stated ethical code of conduct. The decision-making standards of the manager need to distinct the practice of workplace romance and sexual harassment so that the accused employee can get the right punishment for the offence (Boland, 2005). By listing the inappropriate behaviours that can be considered as workplace bullying, managers of the modern firms can ensure right practices while handling such cases of harassment claims (Thrasher et al., 2016). If an employee has been found guilty, legal actions should be taken to set an example. The ethical dilemmas have several implications of the organisation at different levels. For example, the individuals facing the harassments are directly impacted by the issues. On the other hand, the managers as a representative of the organisation need to deal with the issues or uncertainties (Trevin?o and Nelson, 2011). Furthermore, the ethical issues may result in loss of reputation of the organisation among the external stakeholders of the firm. Hence, it is important for the HR department to maintain separate policies and strategies to deal with the ethical dilemmas to smoothly carry on the operations of the firm. The influence of workplace harassment in different levels have been analysed in details in the below section. It is a responsibility of a person to work according to the policies of the organisation and to help others working in a safe and secured environment. Furthermore, in the management of employee behaviour and working relationships, the role of the managers is to provide a better working condition to the employees in order to improve their performance. The ethical dilemma of workplace harassment management has several negative impacts over the individuals who face such issues. On the other hand, it impacts the morality of the surrounding people working under the same condition. The effect of harassment over an individual may range from simple frustration to extreme depression (O'Leary-Kelly and Bowes-Sperry, 2001). The subjects of these types of behaviours often lose their morale and self esteem. Moreover, the incidents may lead the subjects to frequent disruption and make them unable to concentrate on their jobs. The issues of workplace harassment may lead to inconsistent timekeeping, lack of commitment, increased absenteeism. On the other hand, low performance may even lead to resignation (Trevin?o and Nelson, 2011). Additionally, anxieties can also be noticed in the life of the victims as well as their family.   It can be seen through study that irrespective of different HR policies and strict government regulations, several cases of workplace harassment can be seen throughout the globe. Hence, the development of policies and ways to handle the situations will not be the ultimate way to mitigate the issue. The management must focus on developing the mindset among every individual in the workforce to influence people committing such nuisance (Trevin?o and Nelson, 2011). In context to the impact of workplace on the organisational level, the reduced morale and self-esteem of the employees directly influences the affectivity and performance of the organisation. The cases of workplace harassment impact the motivation and satisfaction level of the victims (Thrasher et al., 2016). On the other hand, the cases of ethical dilemmas also influence the surrounding employees who are not directly connected to the issue. Workplace harassment leads to high employee turnover, absenteeism, reduce productivity, lose of initiative, lack of creativity, and lack of performance (Oyewunmi, 2013). Hence, the issues of harassment lead to negative impact over the organisation and its internal reputation. Precisely, by admitting consequentiality theory of morality and ethics, responsibility towards the employees should be protected and promoted by the management of any organisation. Such theoretical aspect will influence the decision making of the managers dealing in claims o f workplace harassment. It is important for the managers to deal with the cases of workplace harassment on a serious note. The managers act as a representative of the organisation and must help the employees facing such problems. It is the duty of the managers to promote people to come up and speak to the management regarding such issues (Perry, 2013). On the other hand, the personal feelings of the managers must not interfere with the objectives required to handle such problems in the organisation (Geppert and Roberts, 2007). Hence, it is important for the managers to maintain good relationship with the workforce to know every detail of the daily operations and avoid the occurrence of such ethical dilemmas in the workplace. By setting poor examples of ethical disputes within the business environment, the upward success graph of the corporate business can be cut short. Precisely, failure to control the ethical issues within the corporate management, organisations can face substantial challenges such as legal issues, employee performance, employee relations, and credibility issues in business dimension. Following the duty theory of ethics, foundational principle must be taken into consideration by the management to deal with the cases and claims of harassment within the organisation. The duty theory promotes right things first irrespective of any situation. During the management of sexual harassment scandals or humiliation of employee, company guidelines and legal directives should be followed at the highest level to protect the corporate social dignity of the enterprise. If the management of modern firms have failed to mitigate the workplace harassment cases, scandals regarding harassment issues can dire ctly make an adverse impact on the organisational status as well as financial position of the company (Fevre, Grainger and Brewer, 2010). Due to such ethical issues and controversies, the stakeholders and investors may have lost their faith on the company. As a result of the scenario, the overall business proceedings can be diminished. At the same time, if such ethical issues cannot be handled according to the law and directives, a negative message can be sent to the rest of the workforce. Therefore, the intensity and employee engagement at the work will be reduced. Thus, the employee productivity will be affected as well. Furthermore, failure to deal with such ethical dilemmas can adversely affect the employee relations. Unethical behaviours in the workforce can increase tension among the employees. Thus, the collaboration and dedication within the workforce will reduce in a substantial order. On a broader perspective, failure to manage the workplace bullying and other harassment cases can be a huge setback towards the business credibility of the firm (Faldu, 2012). Due to lack of ethical guidelines, the organisation may have lost their target audience. Meanwhile, the impact of such event will be substantial in the business framework. Also, the consumer confidence towards the organisation will be reduced as well. On the basis of the above analysis, it is important for the management of every organisation to take necessary steps in order to mitigate the ethical dilemmas and develop a healthy and safe workplace for the employee. Some recommendations have been discussed herein below to deal with the problems of workplace harassment: By considering the above analysis, the management is responsible for maintaining the organisational behaviour and promote corporate culture in the firm. There are several cases of workplace harassments that are faced by the organisation that directly impacts the productivity and reputation of the firm. On the other hand, the issues of workplace harassments lead to anxiety in the life of the victims and their family. Hence, it is the duty of the managers to promote ethical practices in the firm by developing adequate HR policies and introducing appropriate training and development programmes. Conclusively, the management must take necessary steps to manage the ethical dilemmas to maintain a safe and health workplace for the employees. Armstrong, A. and Francis, R. (2014). Assessing Ethical Governance in a Policing Environment.  Journal of Law and Governance, 3(3). Boland, M. (2005).  Sexual harassment in the workplace. 1st ed. Naperville, Ill.: Sphinx Pub. Dale, O. (2016). Ethical issues and stakeholders matter.  Addiction, 111(4), pp.587-589. Faldu, D. (2012). Social Responsibility and Ethical Issues in Managing Global Business.  International Journal of Scientific Research, 3(7), pp.248-250. Fevre, R., Grainger, H. and Brewer, R. (2010). Discrimination and Unfair Treatment in the Workplace.  British Journal of Industrial Relations, 49, pp.s207-s235. Geppert, C. and Roberts, L. (2007). Ethical Issues in the Use of Genetic Information in the Workplace: A Review of Recent Developments.  FOCUS, 5(4), pp.444-450. Hirsh, E. and Lyons, C. (2010). Perceiving Discrimination on the Job: Legal Consciousness, Workplace Context, and the Construction of Race Discrimination.  Law & Society Review, 44(2), pp.269-298. Lieber, L. (2008). HR's proactive role in workplace ethical issues.  Employment Relations Today, 35(2), pp.87-94. McCabe, M. and Hardman, L. (2005). Attitudes and Perceptions of Workers to Sexual Harassment.  The Journal of Social Psychology, 145(6), pp.719-740. O'Leary-Kelly, A. and Bowes-Sperry, L. (2001). Sexual harassment as unethical behavior: The role of moral intensity.  Human Resource Management Review, 11(1-2), pp.73-92. Oyewunmi, A. (2013). The promotion of sexual equality and non-discrimination in the workplace.  International Journal of Discrimination and the Law, 13(4), pp.324-347. Perry, J. (2013). Before the Mandate: Cultivating an Organizational Culture of Trust and Integrity.  The American Journal of Bioethics, 13(9), pp.42-44. Stevens, R. (2010). Managing Human Capital: How to Use Knowledge Management to Transfer Knowledge in Today’s Multi-Generational Workforce.  International Business Research, 3(3), p.77. Teare, R. (2016). Reflections on the theme issue outcomes.  Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 8(2), pp.251-256. Thrasher, A., Wells, A., Spencer, S., Cofie, L. and Yen, I. (2016). Workplace Discrimination Is Associated With Alcohol Abuse Among Ethnically Diverse Hospital Staff.  Workplace Health & Safety, 64(5), pp.202-209. Trevin?o, L. and Nelson, K. (2011).  Managing business ethics. 1st ed. New York: John Wiley.

Profile a Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Profile a Business - Essay Example I had to book an appointment, not in the restaurant but in an executive garage. Currently, the hospitality industry is in a boom due to the increase in the middle class populations who have been looking for products that would match their interest and class. This has led to realignment of market forces so as to fit to the needs of this new segment in the market. Sean claimed that his restaurant was flocked more by young entrepreneurs who preferred doing freelance businesses and hold meetings in hotels rather than hiring expensive boardrooms. The restaurant offered services that they paid for by ordering meals and snacks. It took Sean two weeks to get a premise from the Indian family and three weeks to renovate it and start business. Within their second week of operation they had a won a number of customers most of which were the young generation. In their eighth week of operation, a rich tycoon visited the restaurant and they engaged in a lengthy talk but in two weeks Sean had closed shop and made ten times the value of his restaurant per its value on the day the tycoon visited. Cartels have been the major challenge that hinders young entrepreneurs from venturing into the profitable high class market. â€Å"If you cannot beat them join them,† he

Retail Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Retail Marketing - Essay Example Marketing dictates the ability of a retail company to grow. The concern of this paper is to investigate the retail marketing of A&F by evaluating the following areas merchandise range and assortment, marketing communication, store layout, design and visual merchandising, customer, and retail mix among other aspects that have led to the growth of the retail company. Merchandise Range and Assortment A&F began its clothing retail by concentrating on clothes for age range 18 to 22, today the trend has changed and the retail company has brought a wide range of merchandise products in its stores (Funding Universe. 2012:1). The stores in Warwick United Kingdom do not only address the needs of the above age range, but also have brought products for other age ranges. The company retail history reveals that the merchandise stores of the company started with attires geared for sporting adventures, and fishing adventures. The company credits its merchandise ideas to the early ventures in all sta ffs required for sporting for the above age range. The focus of the retail company today promotes the American wear, which includes underwear, jackets, swimming shorts, vintage polos, and T-shirts (Funding Universe, 2012:1). Other assortments include shirts and sweaters, pajamas, scarves, belts and other assortments, which are styled with the American fashion. A&F has recognised the need to create stylish apparels, which can attract the young age as well as the middle and old age (Hephaestus Books, 2011:120). The assortment for women and men come in different styles. For instance, shirts have various sleeves techniques; some are short, long, curling, or sleeveless. The range also caters for women needs by capturing the stylish pattern demanded by women in response to fashion trend. The retail company has noted difference in response characteristics, which influences its merchandise range (Funding Universe. 2012:1). For example, assortment for belts provides a wide range of styles, w hich depend on colour, mood that the intended consumer wishes to portray in the society. Sports gear reflects that the society is in the sports moods while swim costumes illustrate swimming mood. For examples, some belts are slim with big buckles while others have stylish buckles, which suit the diverse needs of the consumer. It is important to note the customer behaviour for the targeted merchandise planning. Market analysts believe that merchandise assortment must target a given target population if the retail business intends to succeed (Dunne, et.al. 2010:129). A&F have applied the same argument to locate is stores targeting specific consumers. Beauty is a factor of concern for the store because the target age bracket 18 to 22 has many expectations in life. The dream of their world differs from the views of the old age. For examples, dressing crazy or the American wear fashion speaks of the great adventures that the age range seeks to display in the society. Shapes are crucial t o the merchandising range for this store. The retail has provision for slender or slim to heavy built bodies. Some people like free fitting apparel while others like tight fitting clothes. The brand category offered in the store does not only favour the immediate age but also targets to influence other range. For example, the idea of brand variety offers a wide opportunity for the consumers to choose. A single, brand limits consumers from choosing the products, which the stores has. Studies have

Sustainable Aviation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sustainable Aviation - Essay Example The fuel used for the aircrafts like kerosene and others are often complained of emitting harmful gases like Nitrogen Dioxide into the atmosphere thus leading to an increase of air pollution in and around the regions surrounding the airports. It was however found that reduction of the combustion capacity of the engines led to the increased emission of Greenhouse gases like Carbon Dioxide into the air. Scientists and environmentalists around the world are endeavouring to find means for deriving a sustainable fuel source for the aircraft engines which in turn would reduce the atmospheric pollution (Azapagic and Perdan, 2011, Ch. 15). However it is often held that the endeavour to produce a sustainable fuel for the aeroplanes is not feasible in the technical and ethical sense. It is observed that most of the efforts conducted to produce a sustainable fuel often does not confirm the carbon footprint test and also happens to render increased stress on the engines thus hampering its produc tivity (Daggett et al., 2007, p.1). Hence the above efforts to produce a sustainable aircraft fuel suffer from lack of technical and ethical feasibility. Sustainable Fuel for Aircraft Engines The term sustainability refers to protecting or sustaining the environment in order to meet the needs of the present population without compromising on the needs of the future generation. Sustainability thus concerns a holistic network of environmental, social and economic policies aimed at sustaining the scarce resources. These policies must be measureable and again must also be lend for evaluation to help it met the demand of different periods (Wohlmeyer and Quendler, 2002, p.198). 198). Aviation fuel has long depended on products like kerosene to help ignite the motor engines. However the practice is found to have contributed largely to the polluting of the atmosphere through the emission of large volumes of nitrogen dioxide. Thus to reduce the content of greenhouses gases and other harmful gases into the atmosphere the need for a sustainable fuel resource is greatly emphasized. Research unto generating a feasible sustainable fuel for the aeroplanes is under process with introduction of fuels generated from biomass or fuelling of liquid hydrogen into the air engines. The research of generating a sustainable fuel source for aircraft engines is gaining patronage from many nations owing to its help in protection of fossil resources and the atmosphere from being polluted (Evans, 2007, p.162). Sustainable fuel generation for aircraft engines appears to be the new challenge for it signifies taking resort to alternative sources of fuel other than that related to diesel, petrol and kerosene. Production of alternative sources of fuel can be conducted through the use of biomasses derived from large amounts of bio waste products and algae masses. Again use of liquid hydrogen and other cryogenic materials like use of ethane and methane gases in the liquid state is also being recommended for the fuel generation of aircraft engines. Thus the use of considerable amount of biomass and cryogenic liquids for the production of aircraft engine fuel is considered a sustainable means for generation of aircraft fuel. Use of such energy resources are observed to help in reducing the combustion temperature of the engines which in turn led to the production of low or no amounts of carbon dioxide. Further research is enabled to derive natural gases from both natural bio mass and other synthetic sources with also enhancing the dependence on gases like Ethane derived from natural gases for production of sustainable fuel for aircraft engines (Daggett et al., 2007 , p.1). Technical and Ethical Feasibility of Efforts in Production of Sustainable Aviation Fuel The current

International Bond and Currency Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Bond and Currency Markets - Essay Example In precise, it also helps in pre-determining the fluctuation of the currency appreciation or depreciation in respect to countries and influenced cross border trade prospects by a substantial extent. It is noteworthy that the volatility of exchange rate, in the short run and also in the long run depends on multiple factors such as the demand and supply prospects in the financial market. Arguably, forecasting in the long run and short run is considered as quite difficult, which can be explained with reference to the Theory of Speculation in the market and the collective belief of the investors about the future prospects (Andreou & Zombanakis, 2006). Based on these underpinnings about the importance of forecasting exchange rate fluctuations, this essay will aim at emphasising the challenges commonly witnessed by analysts when obtaining the intended forecasting results in the short run as well as in the long run performance of the exchange rate. Challenges in Forecasting Exchange Rate in Short Run Arguably, in the short run, the forecasting of exchange rate is nearly impossible. Forecasts, which are delivered by the macroeconomic factors, are generally less accurate than the results obtained through Random Walk theory application. In general, the Random Walk Theory presumes that market changes, in terms of stock-prices changes, are unpredictable. Even though in the long run forecasting, the theory has been considered by many financial investors and analysts, the short run implications of Random Walk theory remains under considerable scrutiny. It is in this context that no claims to substantiate a perfect Random Walk model in the short-run stock price fluctuation were firmly made. On the contrary, arguments centralised on the theory that forecasting stock-prices changes in the short run is challenging owing to the fact that in the short run, the volatility of the exchange rate is less but the speed of convergence based on Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) is slower than that recorded in the long run (Babazadeh & Farrokhnejad, 2012). Correspondingly, it has been argued that the level of exchange rate in the short run is not very predictable, but is also not entirely unpredictable, as the volatility of the currency and the correlation between them vary with time and hence, forecasting becomes challenging (Mitra, 2008). The current account balances, real income of the people, interest rates, the preferences of the consumers regarding the domestic or foreign products, are all signified as market fundamentals influence the stock-prices in the short run, as per the conceptual framework of PPP. As explained by Taylor & Taylor (2004: 135), â€Å"PPP is a disarmingly simple theory that holds that the nominal exchange rate between two currencies should be equal to the ratio of aggregate price levels between the two countries, so that a unit of currency of one country will have the same purchasing power in a foreign country†. Subsequently, it is the m onetary policies, the fiscal policies and the market speculations affect the forecasting decisions in the short run. These factors are important when considering the financial transfers with regards to the

Critically review the evidence that the corporate governance Essay

Critically review the evidence that the corporate governance structures and reporting requirements required in the UK by the Cadbury Committee and its successor - Essay Example In response to this public pressure, in 1991 the then Conservative government under Prime Minister John Major established the Cadbury Committee and its successors. The remit of these bodies was to establish guidelines under which companies and public bodies should operate. These guidelines were not to be enshrined in law (especially for companies), but rather to be promulgated as "best practice" under which industries would regulate themselves. Perhaps the most telling case was that of the Mirror Group Newspapers pension fund. Over a period of time the company's pension fund had been plundered of some 400,000,000. The money was used for a variety of purposes, including the enhancement of the MGN's share value, and the personal use of the Chairman, Robert Maxwell. Of great concern also were the performances of directors of newly privatized utilities. In many cases those same individuals who had been at the helm of state owned bodies now came to have their salaries massively increased, (in some cases three or four-fold) simply because, in the eyes of the public, their enterprise was now privately rather than publicly owned. As a result of these and other in... The committee and its successors produced guidance and codes of practice, aimed at reducing or eliminating such malpractice. The Cadbury Code is the unofficial name for the first Code of Best Practice on corporate governance, published in 1992. The other codes were produced by the Greenbury and Hampel Committees, and together they form what is known as the Combined Code on Good Governance. The codes lay down rules which the London Stock Exchange requires companies to follow, relating to the conduct of directors, directors' remuneration, relations with shareholders, and accountability and audit. They also recommend that boards of U.K. corporations include at least three outside directors and that the positions of chairman and CEO be held by different individuals. The underlying presumption was that these recommendations would lead to improved board oversight. Essentially, they are designed to make sure that companies are run in an honest and competent way, and to ensure that shareholders are given reliable and adequate information. In the years since the publication of their reports and recommendations there have been a number of studies published to establish the efficacy of the work of these committees. Most notably in the Journal of management and Governance in 2000, Charlie Weir and David Lang published "The performance-governance relationship: the effects of Cadbury compliance on UK quoted companies" and also in 2000 Jay Dalaya, John J McConnell and Nickolaos G Travlos published "The Cadbury Committee, corporate performance and top management turnover" While there is no longer the degree of public outrage at the performance at the activities of UK

You may pick one to use Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

You may pick one to use - Research Paper Example The financial position of the organization will dictate whether it is capable of handling the implementation of the given project or if not. It may also find sponsors to grant finances towards the project. Technical feasibility is defined by the organizations ability to hire proper technology and experienced human labor for the development process. The analysis phase of the project helps establish the reasons as to why a new system is needed. It involves specifying what kind of system is to be built. This can be done by identifying the problems facing the organization and then coming up with a system to solve them. (Stuart , 1994). An example is a school that has observed increased demand for its library services from its students. The school may decide to create an online system which will ease the congestion at the library and consequently reduce the librarian’s workload. It may decide to put up an online virtual library where students can read soft copy library materials, reserve library books to borrow later and also extend the loan period of a book. The design phase helps determine how the system is to be built and what technology will be used. For an online system, server technology is employed; this will enable users’ access through a network. A database will also come in handy to save user records and the materials they can access online. For a virtual online library, the database may store the library users’ login and usage information. In addition softcopy materials such as pdf books and magazines can be downloaded from it. System modeling is also done during design. A system model helps the designer visualize the system in a simplified manner. It acts as a template of the system and helps to bring out the specifications of the system. The model will be used to ensure all the sub-systems are interconnected in a logical

Difference Between Management Skills and Entrepreneurship Essay Example for Free

Difference Between Management Skills and Entrepreneurship Essay What do you think is the difference between management skills and entrepreneurship?. How do they contribute to the economic success of a business? Management skills is about making an existing business work effectively and efficiently, organizing and coordinating the activities according to certain policies and achieving clearly defined objectives (i. e. vision, mission). Usually, the foundation of the business has been laid and established. It involves planning, controlling, leading and directing and the managers are usually focused on managing and growing the business Entrepreneurship is someone who transforms innovation into a business process especially for market which never exists, often associated with uncertainties. An entrepreneur will look for changes, respond to it and seize it as an opportunity. The next step is to assemble a team, locate resources, raise the needed capital and start the new business idea. An entrepreneur is flexible in adapting to the rapid changing to the market conditions and ideas which are important factors in developing strategies for a company’s growth. The economy has become more competitive and more demanding, thus the pressure of having the best management skills and entrepreneurship skills are becoming more important. Management skills will ensure that an established organization is managed effectively and efficiently towards achieving clearly defined objectives.

Importance of Vaccinations

Importance of Vaccinations Kasandra Padilla Each year the Department of Health and Human Services releases a list, essentially a schedule, of optional vaccines for children 0-18 months. Although these shots are not required, they are highly recommended. However, in recent years there has been speculation that the rise in childhood immunizations has caused excessive and unnecessary medical issues among children in the United States. This hearsay, spurred on by a handful of studies, claims causal relationships between developmental disabilities and certain elements found in vaccines. These studies, along with certain religious teachings and personal beliefs, have caused a number of parents across the United States to opt out of vaccinating their children. This decision has, unfortunately, caused the recent outbreaks of several, previously manageable, viruses in a number of America’s cities. In his article â€Å"Anti-Vaccination Movement Causes a Deadly Year in the U.S.† (2013), Brian Krans stated, â€Å"The anti-v accination movement continues to leave the door open to outbreaks of diseases that have been all but eradicated by modern medicine. These diseases include measles, polio, whooping cough, and more.† According The Center for Disease Control [CDC] measles is considered to be the deadliest childhood disease (2013), and all previously mentioned diseases (measles, polio, and whooping cough) are spread easily and simply by coming in contact with an infected individual. Although, in some cases, there may be side effects to certain vaccinations, the positive aspect of being immunized against a number of fatal diseases far outweighs the possible effects or reactions that may occur. Firstly, as briefly mentioned, vaccines save children from preventable diseases. Children are going to be children. So, parents protect them from sharp pointy objects, install gates to protect them from unsafe areas of the house, only feed them certain food for the first few months of their life, and do not feed them other foods until a certain age. Vaccines are another way to prevent one’s child from danger. According to Dr. Vincent Iannelli, a pediatrician in Dallas, Texas, today’s parents did not grow up in an era riddled with disease like Polio and therefore often forget the importance of vaccines (Vaccine Preventable Diseases, 2014). The World Health Organization [WHO] fact sheet classifies polio as, â€Å"a highly infectious disease caused by a virus. It invades the nervous system, and can cause total paralysis in a matter of hours,† and includes symptoms such as, â€Å"fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness in the neck and pain in the limbs† (2014). Global Health Strategies [GHS], an international consulting firm that focuses on research in health care, mirrors Dr. Ianelli’s view and the issue of Polio, â€Å"Few remember a time in the US in the 1940’s and 50’s when fear of this crippling disease pervaded all pockets of society. Images of shuttered swimming pools and children in iron lungs and on crutches colored every mother’s daily worries† (2012). Therefore, due to the effectiveness of the very vaccines that they often contest, some individuals may not realize the severity and complexity of a disease. Individuals that choose not to vaccinate their children, known as anti-vaxxers, sometimes claim religious beliefs as the main reason for choosing not to immunize their children. One main issue that people cite is that certain vaccines contain fibroblast cells of fetal tissue. These fibroblast cells aid in holding connective tissue together (Hot Topics: Fetal Tissues, 2013). According to Paul Offit, a doctor at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, the tissue resulted from two terminated pregnancies that occurred in 1960, and â€Å"No further sources of fetal cells are needed to make these vaccines† (2013). In other words these cells are not taken from fetuses today, like some anti-vaxxers claim. In the same article Dr. Offit continues on to state that these cells are used for two reasons: â€Å"Viruses need cells to grow and tend to grow better in cells from humans than animals (because they infect humans),† and because of the Hayflick limit, where cells die a fter being divided a certain number of times, fetal cells are used because they are able to â€Å"go through many more divisions before dying† (2013). Dr. Offit also notes, in â€Å"Parents Fake Religion to Avoid Vaccines,† that religious beliefs have come to be the default; because of state laws protecting religious practices, people claim religious exemption when it is that they just do not believe there is a need for immunizations (2007). The second reason that immunizations are beneficial is that they prevent outbreaks from occurring. In her article, â€Å"Measles Is Spreading In Our Largest Cities Because People Aren’t Vaccinating Their Kids† (2014), Tara Culp-Ressler, the health editor for ThinkProgress, a non-partisan web-based news source, discussed how recent outbreaks have occurred in â€Å"Boston, San Francisco, San Diego, and Dallas areas. Measles have also recently been reported in suburban areas in Connecticut and Illinois.† Anti-vaxxers claim that other countries do not have as many vaccines and they do not experience outbreaks. J.B. Handley (2011) stated â€Å"Iceland, Sweden, Singapore, Japan, and Norway give 11, 11, 13, 11, and 13 vaccines respectively—all less than 1/3 the number of vaccines the U.S. mandates.† Each vaccine on the CDC’s schedule is highly recommended, they are not â€Å"mandated.† If they were mandated no parent would have a choice in va ccinating their child and there would be no exemptions. Also, Handley mentioned that each of these countries only have 11-13 vaccines. The US only has 14 vaccines; these fourteen are given in a series from 0-18 months, not 36 separate vaccinations as Handley leads one to believe. It is necessary to highlight, because of the sheer difference in land mass and therefore population size, the population of each of the countries Handley mentioned. The most current statistics show Iceland: 326,340 (Statistics Iceland, 2014), Sweden: 9.7 million (Statistics Sweden, 2014), Singapore: 5.4 million (Department of Statistics Singapore, 2014), Japan: 127 million (The World Bank, 2014), Norway: 5 million (The World Bank, 2014), and the United States: 317.3 million (United States Census Bureau, 2013). These statistics emphasize Handley’s error in comparing countries with a much smaller population to that of the United States, and further underscores the previous inaccuracies contained in his argument regarding vaccination requirements. In countries where they do not promote vaccinations, such as Nigeria, Pakistan and Afghanistan (GHS, 2012), there are outbreaks of several diseases. For example, according to WHO, each of these countries remains endemic (2014). That is to say that communicable disease, such as polio and measles, are found regularly in these parts of the world. The probability of dying before one’s fifth birthday in Pakistan is almost 9% (86 in every 1,000 births) (WHO, 2014). Tara Culp-Ressler stated outbreaks in the United States tend to occur because families travel abroad, become infected, and then bring the virus back the US, infecting others who have not been vaccinated (2014). Lastly, vaccines are safe. Due to a handful of studies conducted by the previously mentioned J. B. Handley and Andrew Wakefield, the public now associate vaccines, particularly the MMR vaccine, with causing autism. Each of these individuals has been criticized for their lack of scientific objectivity in their experiments, with Wakefield in particular being barred from practicing medicine in Britain because of his falsified study (BBC, 2010). Unfortunately, their claims still remain on the public’s mind. It also does not help to quell the public’s concern when a celebrity, Jenny McCarthy, takes these falsified studies and uses them as a platform in an attempt to further frighten parents with the claim that her child suffers from autism because of the vaccinations he received. A study conducted by Sharpe, Gist, and Baskin (â€Å"Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Unaffected Siblings Exhibit Hypersensitivity to Thimerosal,† 2013) point their fingers at Thimerosal, which, according to the Immunization Action Coalition (2011), is a â€Å"preservative that has been used in some vaccines since the 1930s.† The CDC, as well as the Immunization Action Coalition, point out that Thimerosal is present in only one influenza vaccine, and has been reduced to trace amounts. It should also be noted that, should one choose, there are other available alternatives to that particular influenza vaccine which contain no Thimerosal (2011). So, this preservative that anti-vaxxers claim causes autism is, in fact, is not contained in the MMR vaccine. Parents, undoubtedly, want to provide the safest environment for their children in order to keep them out of danger. Vaccinating one’s child is no different. Unfortunately, there is an abundance of information available that can cause a person to feel overwhelmed. When a well-known celebrity is claiming her child suffers from autism because of a vaccine, a great deal of the public is going to believe that individual because she is famous and has resources the parent may not have. These claims perpetuate the myths of preservatives being harmful to a child, or that vaccines are unnecessary because such diseases they protect against have been eradicated when they haven not. Each parent has the option to speak with a doctor regarding vaccinations. In fact, the CDC (2014) recommends speaking to a doctor in order to receive all relevant and up-to-date information so that each person can make an informed decision regarding having their child immunized. References Countries: Pakistan. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/countries/pak/en/ Culp-Ressler, T. (2014, March 14). Measles is spreading in our largest cities because people aren’t vaccinating their kids. Retrieved from http://thinkprogress.org/health/2014/03/14/3408461/measles-outbreaks-cities-vaccination/ Handley, J. B. (2011) Compelling evidence shows that vaccines trigger autism. Epidemics. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Iannelli, V. (2014, March 30). Vaccine preventable diseases. Retrieved from http://pediatrics.about.com/od/immunizations/a/0408_im_illness.htm Infants, Children, and Teens. (2014) Retrieved from http://www.vaccines.gov/who_and_when/infants_to_teens/index.html Key Figures. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.scb.se/en_/ Krans, B. (2013). Anti-vaccination movement causes a deadly year in the U.S.. Retrieved from http://www.healthline.com/health-news/children-anti-vaccination-movement-leads-to-disease-outbreaks-120312 Latest Key Indicators. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.singstat.gov.sg/ Measles Vaccination. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/measles/default.htm Offit, P. A. (2013). Hot topics: fetal tissues. Retrieved from http://www.chop.edu/service/vaccine-education-center/vaccine-safety/vaccine-ingredients/fetal-tissues.html Parents Fake Religion to Avoid Vaccines. (2007). Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/news/parents-fake-religion-to-avoid-vaccines/ Polio Eradication. (2012). Retrieved from http://ghstrat.com/issues/polio Poliomyelitis. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs114/en/ Population (Total). (2014). Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL Population in the 1st quarter 2014. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.statice.is/Pages/444?NewsID=10348 Sharpe, M. A., Gist, T. L., Baskin, D. S. (2013). B-lymphocytes from a population of children with autism spectrum disorder and their unaffected siblings exhibit hypersensitivity to thimerosal. Journal of Toxicology, 2013, 1-11. Thimerosal in Vaccines. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/biologicsbloodvaccines/safetyavailability/vaccinesafety/ucm096228 Triggle, N. (2010). Lancet accepts MMR study false. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8493753.stm Vaccine Concerns: Thimerosal. (2011, February 25). Retrieved from http://www.immunize.org/thimerosal/

Essay --

Conceptual Aircraft Design: APU, Pneumatic, and Environmental Control Systems Advance aircraft and spacecraft systems are so far, one of the most revise areas in aviation industry. Every year, more systems are tested, review, and redesign into better advanced applications. However, aircraft’s systems allocate many applications, such as the next generation in avionics and other sub-systems. With new methodologies and technological advancement in aerospace industry, aircraft’s systems can address better operational implementations and provide feedback for safety environments. In recent years, most aircraft’s systems has shaped the way in which aviation is heading. A focus on these developments is the systems redesigning phase. Although, redesigning phases reinforce the aircraft deficiency. By acknowledging system’s background, it allows better proactive and reactive processes for safety and performance. Yet, a very important aspect, is the overall endurance. Endurance approach must convey through all aircraft’s systems. These systems are the driving motor of the aircraft; without a proper integration, it could lead to a total structural failure. When a systems are not properly addressed as the requirement states, it is considered to be inefficient. Providing efficient work capacity through all systems is a minimum and essential condition. As part of an unending process, aviation industry is recurring to research implementations to address situational awareness regarding aircraft’s systems and performance. The continuity o f support to research areas, are very advantageous to this industry. It has led to address deficiencies in products, systems, services, safety factors, and human developments. APU One of the most important key... ...ich, Claudia Werner, Martin Saballus, Florian Gores. F.M. January 28- April 19, 2013. Multifunctional fuel cell system in an aircraft environment: An investigation focusing on fuel tank inerting and water generation. Aerospace Science and Technology. Retrieved 2014. For more information contact Jose Kallo to Josef.Kallo@dlr.de. And /or refer to: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S127096381300076X Ronald M. Heck, Robert J. Farrauto, Suresh T. Gulati. F.M. 2012.Catalytic Air Pollution Control: Commercial Technology. Pp. 361-372. Â © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Retrieved 2014. For more information refer to web source: http://books.google.com/books?id=wB-sqXID5oAC&pg=PA361&lpg=PA361&dq=ozone+removal+abater&source=bl&ots=u3drio74zp&sig=HDoj-Hz_veJCM7ady5fcanS2x7Y&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jLj3UvbEFcaIyAHZ5YGgBg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=ozone%20removal%20abater&f=false

Themes of Shelleys Frankenstein Essays -- Mary Shelley

Mary Shelley discusses the themes of birth and creation, appearance and the necessity of companionship, love and acceptance in her novel Frankenstein. The themes that are explored in Frankenstein are relevant to today’s modern world. Shelley challenges readers by endorsing and confronting attitudes and values in her text through the events, circumstances and outcomes that take place in the novel, thus causing the reader to reflect upon their own lives and in turn the society around them. Shelley raises in her text an issue that is on the forefront of discussion in the modern world, that of man taking the place of God and the role of woman in the creation of life. The modern world is currently grappling over the concerns of cloning, genetics and stem cell research, questioning the ethics and morality of man playing God. Shelley’s novel challenges readers to consider the consequences of this through the horrific outcomes resulting from such actions. Victors consuming passion and motivation to create life is â€Å"A new species would bless me as its creator and source; many happy and excellent natures would owe their being to me. No father could claim the gratitude of his child so completely as I should deserve theirs.† Pg47 Here Shelley challenges those seeking to pursue such actions to consider their motivations as the later discussion shows the terrible result of such pursuits. Shelley’s suggestion that Victor has attempted to usurp the role of w oman as the bearer of life are also suggested as Victor likens his descriptions of creating the creature as to that of a woman’s pregnancy. â€Å"After so much time spent in painful labor† â€Å"winter, spring and summer passed away during my labors† This allusion to the seasons representing the duration of a woman’s pregnancy. One is lead to consider the contrast between Frankenstein’s description of his own childhood â€Å"My mother’s tender caresses and my father’s smile of benevolent pleasure while regarding me are my first recollections† , that of God and his creation Adam â€Å"He had come forth from the hands of God a perfect creature.† Pg. 135 and in contrast that of Frankenstein’s creature â€Å"I beheld the wretch- the miserable monster whom I had created.† Through presenting Frankenstein’s creation and the tragic outcome and comparing it with that perfect and beautiful creation of Adam and Frankenstein, Shelley challenges modern so... ...athies necessary for my being.† pg 153 However, it can be seen that the creature is never successful in his attempts to have companions, love and be loved. Time and time again he is rather, rejected and alienated by man. The similarities are clear as due to Andy Williams and the creatures lack of companionship, guidance and love they are driven to convening such disastrous deeds. The values of society today of friendship, love and the negative attitude towards rejection and loneliness are evident, as one is lead to sympathise with the creature and Andy. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is not ‘irrelevant and outdated’ rather it is evident that the issues of birth and creation, appearance and acceptance and the necessity of love, companionship and guidance are all relevant to today’s world. Through the creatures horrific and fatal outcome, Mary Shelley’s novel provides a challenge and perhaps even insight into the consequences and outcomes that could result if modern man attempts to play God and fails to provide love, guidance and companionship to those around them. Reference Shelley Mary, Frankenstein , Barnes and Noble books, Sandstone publishing, 2008 Time, March 19, 2007

Cult Conversion: Freewill Or Brainwashing? :: essays research papers fc

The controversy surrounding new religious movements seems to be foremost concerned with whether or not the members of these religions come of their own freewill or if they convert as a necessary and inevitable response to advanced coercion, or â€Å"brainwashing† techniques employed by the cult leaders. The concept of brainwashing came into popular existence in the 1950’s as the result of attempts to try and explain the behaviour of some American GI’s who defected to the Communists during the Korean War (19 Oct 1999). Many people, including some professionals, found brainwashing to be an acceptable explanation for the otherwise unexplainable behaviour. However, the brainwashing theory did nothing to explain why hundreds of other captured GI’s chose to remain true to their country even at the risk of being tortured. It could not accurately account for the behaviour of a select few GI’s when it did not offer any explanation for the behaviour of the majority. Since the 1950’s, the concept of brainwashing has faded in and out of public consciousness with a tendency to flare up again in the face of public controversy. In the 1960’s and 1970’s the brainwashing debate again took center stage, this time in an attempt to explain the behaviour of so-called radicals who left behind a â€Å"normal† life and opted instead for a â€Å"cult† existence. Although scholars of new religious movements would agree that religious groups often have substantial influence over their followers, they would also argue that the â€Å"influence exerted in "cults" is not very different from influence that is present in practically every arena of life,† (19 Oct 1999). Mainstream religions also exercise influence over their members concerning matters such as lifestyle choices, familial relations and monetary donations. Furthermore, most social scientists concede that some degree of influence is inevitable in each culture and facet of life even outside the arena of religious choice. Despite the fact that there do not appear to be any studies that conclusively provide evidence of brainwashing as a legitimate explanation for joining an NRM, and in spite of the many studies that have refuted that brainwashing defense successfully, the brainwashing theory continues to be debated regularly. The concept of brainwashing is still often relied on to account for behaviour that is otherwise culturally unjustifiable. If brainwashing is not an appropriate explanation for the conversion of people to NRM’s than what is? A common theme on the anti-cult side of the conversion debate is the argument that members are, to varying degrees, predisposed to becoming cult members.

Goals and Objectives Essay

â€Å"We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in any society, a life free from violence and fear.† â€Å"We would like to create a world familiar with the smiles of children rather than their tears.† â€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.† — Nelson Mandela The Children’s Defense Fund â€Å"Leave No Child Behind’s† originated in 1973 and is a private, nonprofit organization that is funded, and supported by many different sources such as, donations by individuals, corporations, foundations, and corporate grants. The CDF’s goals and objectives is to make sure that all children, no matter what their race, religion, financial status, and so on, has the opportunity for a fair, healthy, safe, and moral head start in their lives. This will also allow each child to have a successful approach into adulthood by having the help of loving and caring families, organizations, and with the h elp from their communities as well. The Children’s Defense Fund provides for all children of America a independent, strong, and effective voice for those children who are not able to speak, vote, or lobby for themselves. The CDF provides specific attention to our children and families who are not financial sound (poor), our children of minority groups, and our children with disabilities. This organization provides education throughout the nation on the needs of all children, and encourages different measures of prevention before our children get sick, find themselves in trouble, drop out of school, or end up with the breakdown of their families. The objectives of the â€Å"No Child Left Behind Act† consists of closing the gap between children and their achievements, especially when it comes to successful achievements academically. The federal government plays a huge and critical role in achieving all goals. The CDF endorses the accountability system that will helps guarantee that all children, which inclu des children from low-income  households, children of a different race or ethnicity, children with disabilities, and those who lack proficiency in the English language, are given the tools, skills, education, and knowledge so that they will be able to be successful members of society. While there are numerous positions that differ on the many different aspects of the law that is based on issues that have been raised throughout the development of the NCLB. There are constructive and significant corrections to be made in order for the Act to be effective and fair. â€Å"Among these concerns are: over-emphasizing standardized testing, narrowing curriculum and instruction to focus on test preparation rather than richer academic learning; over-identifying schools in need of improvement; using sanctions that do not help improve schools; inappropriately excluding low-scoring children in order to boost test results; and inadequate funding,† (Amanire, 2004). All in all, it is important that the laws need to put more emphasis on taking action, and placing our localities and states accountable for the lack of high test scores, as well as making the necessary changes systematically, that will help increase the achievements of our students. The â€Å"No Child Left Behind† according to William J. Mathis (2003), â€Å"is the manifestation of a society that has lost its sense of community and purpose. Instead of passively complying with a law that further alienates individuals from their society, we must refocus our laws to include the societal and democratic purposes of education†(Mathis, W.J., 2003). It is important that we remind everyone that one of the most important purposes of school and education is to help develop and mold our children into becoming a generation of citizens that practice respectful civic virtues, as well as become a generation who cares and supports the needs of one another, along with helping others when it comes to the health of our towns, communities, cities, states, our nation, and the world in general. This will require the realization that our hope for the future will depend on the unlimited abundance of skills, tools, knowledge, and intelligence lies within our children. It is our responsibility to educate and train our children so that they will be a generation of individuals who will grow, and develop into responsible individuals who will take better care of our world and make it a better place. References Amanire, (2004), Joint Organizational Statement on No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act New America Foundation, (2014), Federal Education Budget Project; No Child Left Behind Overview: http://febp.newamerica.net/background-analysis/no-child-left-behind-overview Short, Kathleen. 2013. â€Å"The Research Supplemental Poverty Measure: 2012† U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, Table 5a, http://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/p60-247.pdf. Calculations by the Children’s Defense Fund. William J. Mathis, â€Å"No Child Left Behind: Costs and Benefits,† Phi Delta Kappan 84:9, May 2003: 679–687

Nurse’s Professional Image

Over the years, the nursing profession has faced an image overhaul that concretely defined her role in the society. The nurse uniforms which exude the most identifiable mark of the profession in the health sector and the society have also faced alterations that greatly affect the public’s perception of nurses. In an exhibit at the Philadelphia’s Fabric Workshop, many conclude that nurses are no longer identifiable with the profession. The contemporary transitions that constantly evolved to define her busy role has brought forth an identity crisis that even patients, family members, other health professionals and workers have difficulty labeling her role in the health care setting. This transition was highly observed in the last two decades as nurses have found the ease in wearing casual and sometime colorful uniform attire (Harrion, 2001:41)(Houweling, 2004:42). The identity of the white uniform became lost as nurses prefer the comfort and ease of the scrub uniforms (Houweling, 2004:40). In the past decades, the nurse in a white uniform communicated a professional confidence brought about by the competency of her job and training. The nurse’s cap was also the known distinguishing mark that respectable nurses wore based on Florence Nightingale’s 1874 model(Dodd,2005:7).To look back, the earliest uniforms focused more on functionality and feminine virtue and were more or less associated with the religious orders and military nursing groups (Ellis and Harley, 2004: 185). The propriety of wearing a cap also followed uniformity as a respectable way for women to earn and be distinguished at the institution. The early uniforms were long, starched long sleeves with detachable collars and cuff that included a cape that could be worn during the winter months (Houweling, 2004:41). By the end of the 19th century, the functional white dress was adapted that catered to the evolution of pantsuits in the 60’s. The traditional nurse uniform has existed in many variants from the dress, apron and cap yet the basic style has remained recognizable in many years (Hallam, 41). In the late 60’s, psychiatric nurses pushed against the white uniform in their setting and were finally allowed to wear street clothes in the 1970’s. In the 1980’s, many hospitals no longer required nurses to wear the nursing cap given their expanded nursing roles (Ellis, Hartley & Love: 184). Harrion explained that the cap discourages the men from entering the profession and the cap is identified with a â€Å"handmaiden† mark attached to it which is contradicted as male nurses were unlikely forced to wear the nurses’ cap, this status was reserved for the female nurses. Another insistence is that the cap was quite hard to keep clean which is again contradicted merely by the fact that starched caps can be dry cleaned. Even the nursing pin which was a significant mark and a â€Å"coat of arms† of the nursing profession has lost its appeal. Contemporary nurses are now reduced to wearing comfortable scrubs that were once limited to the specialty areas such as the CCU, ICU and ER where practicality is an issue. In Japan, nurses were once kimono clad and appeared like the under-maid types to keep their tradition alive (Takahashi, 2004: 4). Stimulated by the women’s position in the western society, the western concept of the profession gained popular adherence as the white uniform was adapted for all Japanese nurses in the health service (Takahashi:5). This process faced grandstanding as Japanese doctors trained Europe pushed for the adoption of the white uniform among the Japanese nurses in an effort to positively uplift and identify the professional nurse. After many years of retaining their traditional garb, Japan soon realized that issues of hygiene and practicality were at stake. Further they were able to realize and understand that the nursing uniform embodies probity and purity that is needed to overhaul the image of the female workers in Japan. Today, the nursing profession is again facing major upheavals that de-emphasize the purity of the standard white uniform in favor of the comfortable scrubs. This is a dilemma that nurses face in a work setting where many other caregivers wear the same garb. Patients and other health workers have trouble identifying the nurse from the rest of the ordinary caregivers. The public image of the nursing profession is suffering as the effort to communicate the value of the profession is diminishing. Mangum, Garrison, Lind, Thackeray and Wyatt once recommend that nurses wear clothing that clearly distinguish them as professional nurses (Ellis, Hartley & Love, 2004: 184). Others believed that the white standard uniform exudes power and authority compared to the rumpled and disordered appearance of the colored scrubs. Despite the many images equated with the profession and the media’s continued assault on the appearance of nurses there is an immediate need to revamp the current attire. White according to most nurses denotes sanitation and cleanliness; they could be tailored and modified to enhance the figure using a fine material with insignias that could denote rank and position would give power and authority over the other ordinary caregivers in the health institution. Given the physical exertion of the profession, the cap might pose to be too unrealistic. This could prove to be more amenable rather than seeing professional nurses around the hospital garbed in attire that are commonly worn by the orderlies. This is an image problem and physicians would probably like to see nurses in uniforms of power rather than in rumpled an colored attires dressed like ordinary orderlies. The uniform is what makes nurses look good and present a professional appearance. When one wears costumes that convey their attributes, virtues and training, the patient sees the nurse as someone he can trust along with his physician. Wearing a well-tailored uniform and displaying the nursing pin helps nurses from being belittled by patients and their families. Nurses give up their power and authority as a profession when not dressed uniformly and loose their self-esteem when viewed ordinarily (Masters, 2005:130). The uniform identifies the specific and unique place that professional nurses have in the health care system (Masters, 2005:112). Thus, if nurses wish for doctors to treat them as colleagues in healthcare, society to acknowledge them as authorities, and to be paid as the profession deserves, the professional image should be insisted. Therefore if one wishes to be treated as a â€Å"ministering angel† (Hallam: 133); or as a professional and as a privileged individual, the professional appearance must portray a positive public image (Dodd, 2005: 6). Works Cited Hallam, Julia. Nursing the Image:   Media, Image and Professional Identity. Routledge. Masters, Kathleen. (2005). Role Development in Professional Nursing Practice. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Ellis, Janice Rider and Hartley, Love, Celia. (2004). Nursing in today’s World: Challenges, Issues and Trends. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Takahashi, Aya. (2004). The Development of the Japanese Nursing Profession: Adopting and Adapting Western Influences. Routledge. Harrion, Lois. (20010. Professional Practical/Vocational Nursing. Thomson Delmar Learning. Houweling, Lynn. (2004, April). Image, Function, and Style: A history of the nursing uniform.   American Journal of Nursing, 104, 4. p. 40 – 48 Dodd, Elizabeth, Bates, C., Rousseau, N. (eds). (2005). On All Frontiers: Four Centuries of Canadian Nursing. Ottawa: University of Ottawa.   

The Nonverbal Decoding Ability

1. Bonnet, C. (1993). Adoption at birth: prevention against abandonment or neonaticide. Child Abuse Negl, 17(4), 501-13. This study aims to clarify some of the anomalies that exist between abandoning a child at a public place and the choices made by the parents at the time of the birth of a child. 2. Bowen, E. , & Nowicki, S. (2007). The Nonverbal Decoding Ability of Children Exposed to Family Violence or Maltreatment: Prospective Evidence from a British Cohort. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 31(3), 169-184.This study outlined as to how the exposure of children to family violence and maltreatment in first four years of age can influence a child’s expression of fear and other related psychological issues. 3. Buller, David. (2005). adapting minds: evolutionary psychology and the persistent quest for human nature. MIT Press: New York. This book presents a philosophical analysis of evolutionary psychology and discusses some of the most important works in this field. 4. Castellucci & Plum. (1999). Ethics and Adoption Indeed. Retrieved 24 April 2009 from http://www. bastards. org/bq/bq11/ebdrep. htmThese are some of the notes from Evan B Donaldson Symposium on Ethics and Adoption and basically discuss some of the work presented by the participants in that symposium. 5. Conte, J. R. , & Schuerman, J. R. (1987). Factors associated with an increased impact of child sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 11(2), 201. This study dealt with the factors in assessing the impact of sexual abuse on children. Results indicated that there are variable results indicating different degree of variability of the results. 6. Daro, D. , & McCurdy, K. (n. d. ). Preventing child abuse and neglect: programmatic interventions.Child Welfare, 73(5), 405. This study provides an insight into how the prevention efforts at altering such behaviors can contribute towards the overall risk to the children and the families. This study further discusses as to what we know about the efficacy and e fficiency of such efforts and what some of the problems being faced are. 7. Finkelhor, D. , Williams, L. M. , & Burns, N. (1988). Nursery crimes: Sexual abuse in day care. No. : ISBN 0-8039-3400-9, 272. This study provides an empirical evidence of the child abuse taking place within the daycare facilities with children under the age of 7 years.This article therefore defines the nature of the problem, the effectiveness of the different investigation methods as well as the impact of such incidences on the community as a whole. 8. Gauthier et al. (1996). Recall of Childhood Neglect and Physical Abuse as Differential predictors of Current Psychologically Functioning. Retrieved 24 April, 2009 from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/8832112 This study attempts to bridge the gaps between the neglect and physical abuse on the psychological functioning of the children.By examining the sample of 236 male and 276 female undergraduate students, this study therefore empirically concluded tha t there is an strong relationship between the physical abuse and psychological functioning. 9. Gelles, R. J. , & Harrop, J. W. (1991). The risk of abusive violence among children with nongenetic caretakers. Family Relations, 78-83. By using a sample of more than 6000 participants, this study attempted to understand whether the non-genetic caretakers use more violence than the genetic caretakers. 10. Golden, O. (2000). The federal response to child abuse and neglect. The American psychologist, 55(9), 1050.This study outlines some of the efforts of the administration on children and family in improving the lives of the maltreated children. 11. Groza, V. , & Ryan, S. D. (2002). Pre-adoption stress and its association with child behavior in domestic special needs and international adoptions. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 27(1-2), 181-197. This study focused on the cross sectional data analysis of the adopted children from US and Romania. The major findings of this study include the recommen dations for families to understand how negative experiences in early childhood can affect child behavior. 12.Hill, R. B. (1977). Informal Adoption among Black Families. This is the study on the informal adaptation patterns of children in Black American families and outlined how different factors contribute to such patterns. 13. McNamara, Carter. (2008) Analyzing, Interpreting and Reporting Basic Research results. Free Management Library. Retrieved 24 April 2009 from http://managementhelp. org/research/analyze. htm This article, published on internet describes as to how to approach the research professionally and from an academic point of view. 14. Nalavany, B. A. , Ryan, S. D. , Howard, J. A., & Smith, S. L. (2008). Preadoptive child sexual abuse as a predictor of moves in care, adoption disruptions, and inconsistent adoptive parent commitment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32(12), 1084-1088. This study actually attempts to reinforce a small body of research that the CSA complicates furthe r the child adaptation process. 15. Spinetta, J. J. , & ER, D. (n. d. ). The child-abusing parent: A psychological review. Child Abuse: A Multidisciplinary Survey, 14. 16. Tan, T. X. (2006). History of Early Neglect and Middle Childhood Social Competence: An Adoption Study. Adoption Quarterly, 9(4), 59.This study examines whether the earlier history of neglect and maltreatment in infancy has any influence over the competence of the children when they reach the adolescence. This study further assesses the impact of such on the social interaction of children as well as their performance in the extracurricular activities. 17. Tongue, A. C. (1991). The ophthalmologist's role in diagnosing child abuse. Ophthalmology, 98(7), 1009. This study discusses the role of Ophthalmologist in diagnosing the early child abuse and as such provides certain recommendations as to how such violations can be decreased. 18. Watson et al. (1994).Substitute Care Providers: Helping Abused and Neglected Childre n. DIANE publishing Chicago This study provides insight into the development of abuse and drug exposure into the children and how to recognize different physical indicators to diagnose such state of children. 19. Wilson, M. I. , Daly, M. , & Weghorst, S. J. (2008). Household composition and the risk of child abuse and neglect. Journal of Biosocial Science, 12(03), 333-340 This study attempted to assess how the different factors such as family composition, income, age of the victim as well as household consumption can result into child abuse. 20. Harter, Susan.(2001). the Construction of the Self: A Developmental Perspective. Guilford Press: New Jersey This book attempts to explain as to how the children and their self perception about themselves define their relationship with others. This book therefore also provides the information about the self development of children which take place over the period of time. 21. Grotevant, Harold. (2005). Minnesota/ Texas Adoption research Proje ct. Retrieved 24 April 2009 from http://cehd. umn. edu/FSoS/assets/pdf/ResearchDiscovery/Procedures_Measures2. pdf This study basically attempt to measure the validity of different hypothesis

A New Mandate for HR-An Analysis Essay

In the article the writer had expressed his concern on underestimating role of Human resources Department in an organizational set up. The role of HR manager has confined to paper work related to recruitment and termination of employees, compensation and incentives, impart training to employees and design of developmental programmes etc. The HR Manager is responsible for implementation of policies made by CEOÂ’s or line Managers. David Ulrich has emphasized that the role of HR should be organizational excellence rather than focusing on fundamental HR issues only. HR has to take the lead to enable organizations survive in globalized era, to sustain revenue growth, to harness technological advances, to protect intellectual property and keep pace with changing business environment. In global competitive economy, managers are required to be aware of entire global market scenario, political uncertainties, trade issues, fluctuating exchange rates and customer preferences. Revenue growth by way of lay- offs, cost cuts and merger & acquisitions has become new mantra for organizations. He feels rather companies should focus on creativity and innovation. The employees should be encouraged to share learning and honing their skills for achieving required revenue growth. The geographical distance has been bridged by technological advances. In the era of technological revolution employees had to learn how to exploit technology for organizational goal. In the changing scenario companies, who can attract, retain and develop best talent will lead the world. Companies have to keep on shifting gears to beat competition, has to take rapid decisions and invent new ways of doing work. He affirmed that HR can deliver excellence by being partner with the senior management in the strategy execution of organization.HR can help in reducing cost of organization by work organization, delivering administrative efficiency with quality.HR should be an interface between employees and  higher management to apprise concerns of the employee to management and to motivate employees to contribute to the organization. HR should transform itself with change in organizations processes, culture. HR should be given responsibility for designing organizational structure. The structure should identify each element of an organization and put them together for seamless operations.HR should be accountable for organizational audit. Audits are required to identify which parts require change. After the components are identified which need renovation HR should seek ways and methods to renovate that part.HR at the same time must audit its own work. HR must assess impact of each activity in collaboration with operating managers. HR must identify processes within their domain which can be done faster, cheaper and better. For example resume screening can be done using scanner software tools to reduce recruitment cycle time. They can design and implement new system that allows sharing administrative services. In new role HR must be responsible for ensuring employee engagement & commitment. HR must train operating managers about importance of employee morale. Workshop reports, employee surveys and written reports are few of the tools to train line managers on importance of high employee morale. HR should recommend ways to maintain high morale. HR may suggest recruitment of few more employees on a particular project or for imparting training to employees to execute some work. HR must make people adaptable to changes rather than resist. HR must introduce change model such as one introduced by GE ”Change Begins asking Who, Why, What & How.” Before enforcing a change, management must ask Why are we seeking change? What will be the benefits to the organization? How to implement changes? HR must brain storm with management team to answer these questions. However Ulrich thinks that it the collective responsibility of line managers, CEO, and HR to transform an organization. The line managers can help HR in focusing on results by talking serious about how organizational capability will create value to shareholders. They can invest more time on issues related to people. Line Managers should clearly tell HR what they wanted from them. Management shall invest in HR tools like conferences and management literature. Senior line should be always ready to adapt new HR practices. Management shall insure that HR managers are aware of intricacies of processes and reengineering. They should be updated regularly to deliver results. Ulrich stated that it is not an easy task to take up the new role for HR managers. They must work toward goals. They must redefine their goals in terms of value addition to the organization and business results. Senior line must drop their attitude towards HR as incompetent and ineffective staff.

The Radical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Radical - Essay Example For example, women in some Islamic communities are facing severe problems from the dominant male community. This paper analyses religious radicalism with the help of the problems facing by Muslim women in radical or fundamental societies. One of the recent reports from Afghanistan showed the brutalities suffered by an young Muslim girl from the hands of her husband. When Aisha was 12, her father promised her in marriage to a Taliban fighter to pay a debt. She was handed over to his family who abused her and forced her to sleep in the stable with the animals. When she attempted to flee, she was caught and her nose and ears were hacked off by her husband as punishment (Bates). Even though many of the scholars even in Muslim culture condemned above brutality, it is a fact that there are many women in Muslim communities who are suffering from similar treatments from their male counterparts. A civilized world like ours cannot tolerate such brutalities even if it has something to do with t he religious beliefs. It is hard to believe that the creator has created two types of people; one for domination and the other for suffering. Holy Bible says that Eve was created to give company to Adam; not for working as a slave to Adam. In Hindu culture also, women enjoy equal status with men. In fact, women are respected more than men in Hindu culture since they are instrumental in giving birth to future generation. â€Å"Koran says girls must stay home and that it is right to beat women if they disobey their husbands† (Chu). The above teaching of Koran cannot be accepted for an advanced culture like ours. It is difficult to digest the argument that only girls must be punished if they disobey their husband whereas boys can do anything as they like. It should be remembered that in Islamic culture, men can keep more than one wife at the same time whereas women cannot establish relations with other males. In other words, Islam treats males and females in different manner whi ch is unacceptable to any other cultures in the world. Some Muslim scholars are of the view that many of the teachings of Koran were misinterpreted. In their opinion, women beating don’t mean severe punishment in Islam. It is only a symbolic act for the wrong activities of women. In any case, it is a fact that Koran remains silent over the punishment of men who commit mistakes to their wives. Global media recently reported an incident from Saudi Arabia in which a woman who tried to drive her vehicle suffered punishment from the authorities. Woman driving is prohibited in Saudi Arabia even though it is allowed in many other Islamic countries. In other words, Saudi Arabia has its own laws and traditions which are entirely different from that in many other Muslim countries. For example, in UAE or Oman, woman driving is not a punishable act. In fact the number of women drivers in these countries is more or equal to the number of the male drivers. It should be noted that both Oman and UAE have similar culture as that of Saudi and they have no problem in allowing woman driving. It is evident from the above facts that misinterpretation of Koranic teaching is taking place everywhere in the world. Otherwise all the Muslim cultures in the world should have similar rules and regulations. The Saudi Koran and UAE Koran are one and the same; but the teachings of Saudi scholars and the UAE scholars are entirely different. In other words, Saudi is executing a hidden agenda against the women in community there

Developing an implementation plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Developing an implementation plan - Essay Example To convince hospital executives of the importance of adopting stress management progams, the proposal first has to show how the stress management program will relieve some of their concerns about the hospital For example, the association between less stress in the student population and reduced incidences of errors will show the hospital executives how they stand to benefit through fewer lawsuits or claims of unprofessional behavior if they agree to the implementation of stress management programs. It is also very important to show how, in the recent past, there are medical institutions that have successfully implemented stress management programs. Researching about stress management for hospital workers shows the hospital executives that the implementation of such programs within their own organizations could be successful while also bringing many benefits (Sohn, Kim, Kim and Han, 2006). When presenting a proposal on implementing stress management plans, it is also important to incl ude a plan with a practical program that could be implemented immediately. This shows the executives that this will not simply be another program that they are tasked with overseeing and constructing, and which, should it fail, will negatively affect their standing in the medical community (Vahey, Aiken, Sloane, Clarke and Vargas, 2004). Description of current problem, issue, or deficit requiring a change Health care occupations such as nursing have long been known to cause a lot of stress for nurses as well as other medical practitioners. In addition, these jobs also cause a lot of psychological distress because nurses are constantly dealing with death or illness in their patients; many of whom they develop close relationships with (Murphy, 2003). In medical institutions, nurses have to deal with work overload, other people’s pain and distress, the absence of role clarity when tackling infectious diseases and time constraints, particularly in incidences when there are nurse shortages. Such stressors physically and psychological affect nurses so deeply that their discharge of their duties is affected (McCauley and Irwin, 2006). Stress can result in common absenteeism in the nursing workforce, medical errors, and poor turnover. Moreover, worker-focused or organizational interventions can be quite effective in reducing stress among medical workers. Many hospitals at present incorporate stress relief programs for nurses that include meditation programs (Rambaldini, Wilson, Rath, Lin, Gold, Kapral and Straus, 2005). Moreover, these are rarely effective because they can only reduce stress on a temporary basis. The best solution, though, is one that combines both organizational and worker based components as these both include short-time and long-term treatment and prevention components (Mackay, Cousins, Kelly, Lee and McCaig, 2004). Hospitals should also seek to incorporate regular physical and psychological check-up programs for their workers. Hospitals sho uld also coordinate programs that allow for frequent sabbatical leaves which allow nurses to engage in personal stress relief methods. There are other ways in which hospitals can assist in the relieving of the occupational stress that regularly affects nurses. For example, hospitals can seek to ensure that every nurse’

Divorce in popular culture and Its relationship to the American Essay

Divorce in popular culture and Its relationship to the American culture,beliefs and attitude - Essay Example Despite the growing trend of marital disruption in the United States and how its romantic plot remains to be an accepted theme in the popular culture, it is often the case that the destructive nature of divorce is overlooked especially when its negative consequences on the society, family, man, woman and child are not taken into consideration. Divorce has been an existing theme of popular culture over the years. In 1938, a British comedy romantic comedy movie â€Å"The Divorce of Lady X† was released. From the title itself, the film had a main theme of marital disruption. Even up to now, after several decades have already passed, such theme is very much alive like the American romantic comedy film â€Å"Le Divorce† which was made available to the public on 20 Meanwhile, even when bound with marriage, having sexual affairs in both men and women can be observed as a common plot in some popular culture. Both films illustrate the romance that can be found in infidelity in g eneral, not only unfaithfulness within marriage. Likewise, the fun, thrill and excitement in such affairs of this sort are present. Nonetheless, pleasure is not always the side of every story for the reason that despondency can be found on the parts of those people who have been affected and hurt by such relationships. Without a doubt, those people who are hurt in the cases of divorce are often not taken into consideration. ... Divorce in Popular Culture and Its Relationship to the American Culture, Beliefs and Attitude According to Stevenson and Wolfers (27), the family as an institution is not stable. This reality is reflected by the artifacts of popular culture as well as different studies on divorce which have a wide array of scopes. As a matter of fact, Chandra, Martinez, Mosher, Abma,  and Jones (17 and 90) claimed in 2002 that within a span of 10 years, there are about 29 percent of first marriages among 15 – 44 year old women that used to end their union through separation, annulment or even divorce. In the analysis of how the artifacts of popular culture speak about the American culture, beliefs and attitudes, I have evaluated divorce as the subject matter. In this sense, I have assessed two films coming from different eras. I have first assessed â€Å"The Divorce of Lady X† which was released in the year 1938 as well as the other film, â€Å"Le Divorce† which was released in 2003. Aside from the fact that it talks about divorce, for me, their point of convergence is that both have promoted the romance in extra – marital affairs as if there are no other people to be affected in set up of this sort. The way I look at it, this is most especially true for â€Å"The Divorce of Lady X† because the marital disruption issue including infidelity is managed in a way of comedy. In the first movie, both husband, Everard Logan, and wife, Lady Meere, have cheated on each other but the story has managed to end up happily through remarriage to other partner. Meanwhile, â€Å"Le Divorce† has more heart – breaking aspects in a sense that Roxy, a pregnant wife, was cheated by her husband and was asked by her husband to end their marriage even if they have kids to consider. Her husband